Kelly DeVries
A Cumulative Bibliography of Medieval Military History and Technology
Brill History
of Warfare, vol. 8 (Leiden: Brill, 2002) xx+1109
pp. ISBN: 9004122273. $244.00
(note, this book has also been released on CD-ROM)
The conceptualization and publication of this bibliography
greatly assists the advance of medieval and early modern military historical
research. It should aid related areas of military history. It is an ambitious
and difficult task. It will be widely consulted by diverse groups. I cannot
adequately emphasize the utility of this work and the enormity of the achievement.
It will enable scholars to begin to get a handle on bibliography of military
history. Its publication greatly stimulates military history as a discipline.
DeVries continued to add entries until some point in 2001. Already every
scholar can add newly published entries. I shall avoid pointing to new entries
after a cutoff at the start of 2001, even though I know of numerous additional
titles. The compiler of the bibliography repeated several entries under different
categories. I have followed his precedent here although others might prefer
mere repetition of a common control or index number.
This bibliography is primarily of use to the scholar and
graduate student, but undergraduates and instructors can also consult it
for pedagogical purposes, for example, to assist in the preparation of courses
on military history. Scholarly libraries and institutes should purchase it.
Scholars whether young or old need to know about it.
The bibliography's greatest strength lies in late medieval
and renaissance (or if you prefer, early modern) military history. Especially
valuable are the detailed subcategories for the Hundred Years' Wars and for
weaponry and early firearms and artillery and other aspects of military technology.
The index to authors is very helpful for investigators.
The publisher has produced an attractive book, for the typefont is easy to
read and the binding is firm and strong.
Problematical and uneven and almost predictably so, is the
thoroughness of coverage of areas more geographically and temporally removed
from Western Europe: Eastern Europe and especially Russia, late antiquity
(yet where does one draw the line for inclusion and omission?), and topics
of Byzantium, Islam, Ottoman. How much bibliography in Arabic, Romanian,
Serbian, Bulgarian, Russian, Turkish, and modern Greek do you include? With
respect to Islamic history one must decide whether to restrict entries to
those that refer to Muslim engagements with Europe, whether western, southern,
or eastern. What about Timurid, Safavid, and North African topics? I have
no simple solutions for these bibliographical challenges.
Categorization or organization was a problem in constructing
the bibliography. Judgmental decisions determine the inclusion of a topic
as military or exclusion as purely or primarily administrative or intellectual.
Scholars may well disagree. The bibliographer made his decisions as he saw
fit. But there also are subcategories of problems and omissions. Hence primary
sources (printed ones) on military topics often are omitted, but their inclusion
would have enriched but complicated the bibliography. Likewise unpublished
U.S. and foreign doctoral dissertations are sometimes cited but often are
omitted. Everyone agrees that dissertations that the author revised and published
in book form do not warrant inclusion in this bibliography. It is not fair
to the authors of the dissertations who chose to update and revise their
dissertations. The issue of dissertations was not easy to decide or solve.
I list below some additional dissertations on military history known to me
but I do not pretend to list all missing dissertations here. Likewise important
reviews of some books are missing but the problem might be that it is unrealistic
to list every review. Major review articles certainly deserve citation. An
important missing old one is F. Pall's devastating 1942 review article of
A. Atiya's book on the Crusade of Nicopolis, in which he lists many errors
and cases of carelessness. My own late Professor Robert Lee Wolff at Harvard
used Pall's review of Atiya as a methodological object lesson for introductory
graduate students in his seminar on the Crusades. He wished to show and warn
through Pall's review just how many historical errors can creep into a book
even though it is published by an eminent university press.
Some encyclopedia articles on warfare find a place in this
bibliography, while others do not. This is eclectic. But uncited articles
in the Dictionary of the Middle Ages include,
for example, Beeler, John. "Warfare, Western European" Dictionary
of the Middle Ages, (publ. by Charles
Scribners' Sons, New York, 1989) XII: 554-569; Brett, Michael. "Warfare,
Islamic," Dictionary of the Middle Ages, XII: 551-554; Kaegi, Walter. "Warfare, Byzantine," Dictionary
of the Middle Ages, XII: 546-550.
The Encyclopedia of Islam (2nd edn.) has quite important articles on military subjects
and individuals. Many more of them could be cited in this bibliography,
for example missing items include: Cahen, Claude. "Djaysh," vol. 2: 504-508,
Tyan, E. "Djihad," 2: 548-540. Likewise there are many noteworthy but omitted
military entries in the Oxford Dictionary of Byzantium.
Another very incomplete category, yet difficult to handle
in full, is archaeology. However archaeology presents a challenge,
for there is no precise way to decide which archaeological publications
to cite that
include important material on military topics but not are not
pure publications on military topics. I refrain here from citing
additions to subcategories
of fortifications, for that would require immense time and space.
Readers probably need to consult archaeological bibliographies.
Let us hope that
archaeologists will develop convenient and handy bibliographies
to which military historians can turn. The same remark applies
to epigraphical, sigillographical,
and papyrological articles on military topics and individuals.
I shall refrain from citing them in detail, but readers should
know that these are numerous
albeit very specific. Another category raises questions. Some
international or local conference or congress proceedings contain
abstracts that may be
valuable. However it is difficult to sift through all of these
for the valuable ones. The proceedings of the International Congress
of Roman Frontier Studies
usually contain some important articles about Late Roman military
subjects. Many do not find citation here. It is also a matter
of judgment whether to include
or omit broad or popular publications on military history. And
how does one handle publications for games, or even comic
books?
A major technical question arises: should this bibliographical material
be put online so it can be updated and corrected more easily
and more frequently? Should each entry receive a permanent master
control or
index number? The
bibliography deserves the hardback printing that has appeared,
and fortunately the publisher will be issuing annual updates
in the form of a CD-ROM. So
this is core of an expandable electronic database.
There are serious financial and other issues connected with
putting the bibliography on-line but in the future I anticipate
that, as in other disciplines,
and not necessarily ones associated with military topics, there
will be pressures to create an on-line version, not merely as
CD-ROM. There is
little incentive
for publishers to sponsor on-line versions. This is a problem
that exists across many specialties.
Corrections are necessary for the following entries:
For the sake of accuracy it is necessary to identify the
Center for Hellenic Studies as Harvard affiliated on p. 6 for the Raaflaub/Rosenstein
citation.
-
p. 47 McGeer, Byzantines (needs
e)
-
p. 100 Date of Kamen citation?
-
p. 142 R.L. Nicholson Crusade,
not Cruade
-
p. 143 Pryor douleia NOT donleia
-
p. 425 Albrecht Noth religioso
not relgioso
Let me now turn to bibliographical omissions. I know certain
specialties better than others.
Classification: Late Antiquity
It is tough to decide how much to include from the third
century CE. In general, it may be impractical to list everything from Late
Antiquity (for example, how much hagiographical material, for there were
many military saints?), but there are some significant omissions:
-
Alston,
Richard. Soldier and Society in Roman Egypt: a Social History.
London, New York: Routledge, 1995.
-
Carile,
Antonio, ed. Teodorico e i Goti tra Oriente e Occidente.
Ravenna: Longo Editore, 1995.
-
Carri�,
Jean-Michel; Janniard, Sylvain. "L'Arm�e Romaine Tardive dans quelques travaux
r�cents. Ire partie. L'Institution militaire et les modes de combat," L'Antiquit� Tardive 8
(2000), 321-341.
-
Dabrowa, Edward, ed. The
Roman and Byzantine Army in the East.
Krakow: Uniwersytet Jagiellonski Instytut Historii, 1994.
-
Demandt,
Alexander. "Magister Militum," Paulys Real-Encyclopädie des classischen
Altertumswissenshaft, Supplb. 12 (1970), 553-790.
-
Janniard,
Sylvain. "L'Arm�e Romaine Tardive dans quelques travaux r�cents.
2e partie: Strat�gies et techniques militaires," L'Antiquit� Tardive 9
(2001), 351-361.
-
Julian
Apostata, Wege der Forschung, Band
509. Ed. Richard Klein. Darmstadt: Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft,
1978.
-
Lee,
A.D. "The Army." In: Cambridge Ancient History: XIII: The Late Empire, A.D. 337-425, vol. 13 (1998), 211-237.
-
MacMullen,
Ramsay. "How Big Was the Roman Army?," Klio 62 (1980), 451-60. Includes important discussion on
Late Roman period.
-
MacMullen,
Ramsay. "The Roman Emperor's Army Costs," Latomus 43 (1984), 570-80.
-
-
Nicasie,
Martinus Johannes. Twilight of Empire: the Roman Army from the Reign of
Diocletian until the Battle of Adrianople. Amsterdam: J.C. Gieben, 1998.
-
Roncuzzi,
Arnaldo. "Fortificazioni di Eruli e Goti nell'assedio di Ravenna," Teodorico
e i Goti tra Oriente e Occidente. Ed. Antonio Carile. Ravenna: Longo Editore, 1995,
pp. 1237-250.
-
Wanke,
Ulrich. Die Gotenkriege des Valens: Studien zu Topographie und Chronologie
im unteren Donauraum von 366 bis 378 n. Chr. Frankfurt am Main ; New York : P. Lang, c1990.
Europäische Hochschulschriften. Reihe III, Geschichte und ihre Hilfswissenschaften
Bd. 412.
-
Whitby,
Michael. "The Army, c. 420-602." In: Cambridge Ancient History,
XIV: Late Antiquity. Empire and Successors A.D. 425-602 (2000),
288-237.
Classification: Barbarian Invasions
-
Carile,
Antonio, ed. Teodorico e i Goti tra Oriente e Occidente.
Ravenna: Longo Editore, 1995.
-
Wanke,
Ulrich. Die Gotenkriege des Valens: Studien zu Topographie und Chronologie
im unteren Donauraum von 366 bis 378 n. Chr. Frankfurt am Main ; New York : P. Lang, c1990.
Europäische Hochschulschriften. Reihe III, Geschichte und ihre Hilfswissenschaften
Bd. 412.
Classification: Byzantium
An initial cautionary note: numerous publications on Byzantine
military manuals by Alphonse Dain are missing.
-
Beihammer,
Alexander D. Nachrichten zum byzantinischen Urkundenwesen in arabischen
Quellen. Pokila Byzantina, 17. Bonn: Habelt, 2000. This work includes discussion of
many military and diplomatic events.
-
Byzantine
Asia Minor (6th-12th cent.). Athens: Institute for Byzantine Research, National
Hellenic Research Foundation, 1998. Volume contains many significant papers
on military topics, among which are the following ones:
-
Kountora-Galake, Eleonora. "The Armeniac Theme and the Fate of Its Leaders," 27-38.
-
Cheynet,
Jean-Claude. "Th�ophile, Th�ophobe et les Perses," 39-50
-
Lounghis,
Telemachos C. "The Evolution of Thematic Encounters in Asia Minor and the
Reign of Michael II," 51-58.
-
Trombley,
Frank R.
War, "Society and Popular Religion in Byzantine
Anatolia (6th-13th Centuries)," 97-139.
-
Vryonis,
Jr.,
Speros. "A Personal History of the Battle of Mantzikert," 225-244.
-
Cosentino,
Salvatore. "L'organizzazione militare dell'isola di Creta e la funzionalità del
feudo veneto-cretese, " Studi Storico-Militari 9 (1988), 243-277.
-
Cosentino,
Salvatore. "Organizzazione tematica ed esercito," Rivista di Bizantinistica I/1 (1991), 113-127.
-
Cosentino,
Salvatore. "Gaudiosus 'draconarius'. La
Sardegna bizantina
attraverso un epitafio del sec. VI," Quaderni
della Rivista di Bizantinistica 13 (1994),
3-35.
-
Cosentino,
Salvatore. "The Syrianos's Strategicon: A 9th Century
Source?," Bizantinistica. Rivista di Studi Bizantini e Slavi,
2nd., ser., 2 (2000), 243-280.
-
Dabrowa, Edward, ed. The
Roman and Byzantine Army in the East.
Krakow: Uniwersytet Jagiellonski Instytut Historii, 1994.
-
Evans,
J. A. S. The Age of Justinian: the Circumstances of Imperial Power. London: New York: Routledge, 1996.
-
Forsyth,
John Harper.
The Byzantine-Arab Chronicle (938-1034) of Yahya b. Said
al-Antaki. Ph.D. diss. University of Michigan, 1977.
2 vols.
-
Gluschanin,
E.P. Der Militäradel des frühen Byzanz. Barnaul, Russia:
Den', 1991.
-
Higgins,
Martin. The Persian War of Emperor Maurice. Washington: Catholic University of America, 1939.
-
Kaegi,
Walter. "The Capability of the Byzantine Army for Military Operations
in Italy." In: Teodorico e i Goti. Ed. Antonio Carile Ravenna: Longo Editore, 1995, pp.
79-99.
-
Kaegi,
Walter. "Egypt on the Eve of the Muslim Conquest." In: Cambridge History
of Egypt , ed. C. Petry (Cambridge: Cambridge
University Press 1998), I: 34-61.
-
Kaegi,
Walter. "Changes in Military Organization and Daily Life on the Eastern
Frontier." In: He Kathemerine Zoe sto Vizantio [Daily Life in Byzantium], Ed.
Chrysa Maltezou. Athens, Center for Byzantine Research, National Hellenic
Research Foundation, 1989, pp. 507-521.
-
Kaegi,
Walter. "Reflexions on the Withdrawal of the Byzantine
Armies From Syria," La
Syrie de Byzance à l'Islam. Ed. P. Canivet and Jean-Paul Rey-Coquais. Damascus,
French Institute in Damascus, 1992, pp. 265-279.
-
Kaegi,
Walter. Some Thoughts on Byzantine Military Strategy. Hellenic Studies Lecture for Ball State University.
Brookline, MA.: Hellenic College Press, 1983. [Printed separately]
-
Kountoura-Galake,
Eleonora et al., Asia Minor and Its Themes. Studies on the Geography
and Prosopography of the Byzantine Themes of Asia inor (7th-11th Century)=He
Mikra Asia ton Thematon. Athens:
Institute for Byzantine Research, National Hellenic Research Foundation,
1998.
-
Langdon,
John S. Byzantium's Last Offensive in Asia Minor. New Rochelle: Caratzas, 1992.
-
Lippard, Bruce
G. The Mongols and Byzantium, 1243-1341. Ph.D. diss.
Indiana University at Bloomington, 1984.
-
Necipoglu,
Nevra. Byzantium Between the Ottomans and the Latins: a Study of Political
Attitudes in the Late Palaiologan Period, 1370-1460. Ph.D. diss. Harvard,
1990.
-
Shepard,
Jonathan. "Byzantium in Equilibrium, 886-944." In: New Cambridge Medieval
History (Cambridge: Cambridge University
Press, 1999), III: 553-566
-
Shepard,
Jonathan. Byzantium
Expanding, 944-1025." In: New Cambridge Medieval History (Cambridge:
Cambridge University Press, 1999), III: 586-604
-
Shepard,
Jonathan. "Byzantium and the West." In: New Cambridge Medieval History (Cambridge:
Cambridge University Press, 1999), III: 605-623.
-
Sullivan,
Denis F. Siegecraft. Two Twelfth-Century Instructional Manuals by "Hieron of Byzantium." Dumbarton
Oaks Studies, XXXVI. Washington: Dumbarton Oaks, 2000.
-
Thomson,
R.W., ed. trans. Howard-Johnston, J. commentator. The History Attributed
to Sebeos. Liverpool, Philadelphia: Liverpool
University Press, University of Pennsylvania Press, 1999. Contains much discussion
of military campaigns.
-
Tobias,
Norman. Basil I (867-886), the founder of the Macedonian Dynasty: A Study
of the Political and Military History of the Byzantine Empire in the Ninth
Century. Ph.D. diss. Rutgers, 1969.
-
To
Hellenikon. Studies in Honor of Speros Vryonis,
Jr. Ed. John S. Langdon,
Stephen W. Reinert, J.S. Allen, et al., volume
1. New Rochelle: Caratzas, 1993. The following four entries
are especially relevant in this festschrift:
- Barker, John W. "Byzantium and the Display of War Trophies: Between Antiquity
and the Venetians," pp. 45-58
- Hero, Angela Constantinides. "The First Byzantine Eyewitness Account of the Ottoman Institution of Devshirme: The Homily of Isidore of Thessalonike Concerning the 'Seizure of the Children'", pp. 135-144.
- Laiou, Angeliki. "On Just War in Byzantium," pp. 153-177.
- Reinert, Stephen W. "The Palaiologoi, Yilderim Bayezid and Constantinople: June 1389-March 1391," pp. 289-365.
-
Turtledove,
Harry Norman. The Immediate Successors of Justinian: a Study of the Persian
Problem and of Continuity and Change in Internal Secular Affairs in the Later
Roman Empire During the Reigns of Justin II and Tiberius II Constantine (A.D.
565-582) Ph.D. diss. UCLA, 1978, 1977.
-
Verri,
Pietro. Le leggi penali militari dell'impero bizantino nell'alto medioevo.
Rome, 1978. Supplemento al numero 1-2 gennaio-aprile, Rassegna
della Giustizia Militare.
-
Classification: Medieval-Crusades-Fourth Crusade and
Latin Kingdom of Constantinople
-
Queller,
Donald E., Madden, Thomas, with an Essay on Primary Sources by Alfred J.
Andrea, The Fourth Crusade: the Conquest of Constantinople. 2nd ed. revised. Philadelphia: University of
Pennsylvania Press, 1997. Supersedes the 1977 original edition.
-
Wolff,
Robert Lee. The Latin Empire of Constantinople (1204-1261). Ph.D. diss. Harvard,
1947. Many sections remain unpublished.
-
Wolff,
Robert Lee. Studies in the Latin Empire of Constantinople. London:
Variorum, 1976.
Classification:
Medieval-Italy
-
Cosentino,
Salvatore. "L'organizzazione militare dell'isola di Creta e la funzionalità del
feudo veneto-cretese," Studi Storico-Militari 9 (1988), 243-277.
Classification: Medieval-Islam
-
Brett,
Michael. "The Arab Conquest and the Rise of Islam in North Africa." In: Cambridge
History of Africa (Cambridge 1978), II:
522-543.
-
Chalmeta
Gendr�n, Pedro. Invasi�n e islamizaci�n: la sumisi�n de Hispania y la
formaci�n de al-Andalus. Madrid: MAFRE, 1994.
-
Bosworth,
C. Edmund "Arab Attacks on Rhodes in the pre-Ottoman Period," Journal
of the Royal Asiatic Society, 3rd ser., vol. 6, Pt. 2 (1996), 157-164.
-
Christides,
Vassilios. Byzantine Libya and the March of the Arabs towards the West
of North Africa. British Archaeological
Reports. International Series 851. Oxford, 2000.
-
Conrad,
Lawrence I. "The Arabs and the Colossus," Journal of the Royal Asiatic
Society, 3rd ser., vol. 6,
Pt. 2 (1996), 165-188.
-
Conrad, Lawrence I. s.v. "Futuh." In: Julie Scott Meisami,
Paul Starkey, eds., Encyclopedia of Arabic Literature (New York, London: Routledge, 1998), pp. 237-40.
-
Crone,
Patricia. Slaves on Horses: The Evolution of the Islamic Polity.
Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1980.
-
Donner,
Fred M. "The Sources of Islamic Conceptions of War." In: Just
War and Jihad: Historical and Theoretical Perspectives on War and Peace
in Western and Islamic Traditions. Ed. John Kelsay and James Turner Johnson. Westport, CT:
Greenwood Press, 1991, pp. 31-69.
-
Hamblin. William James. The
Fatimid Army During the Early Crusades.
Ph.D. diss. University of Michigan, 1985.
-
Mones,
H. "The Conquest of North Africa and Berber Resistance" [UNESCO] General
History of Africa (University of California
Press, 1988), III: 224-245.
-
Morabia,
Alberto. Le Gih�d dans l'Islam medieval: Le "combat
sacr�" des origines au XIIe siècle. Paris: A. Michel, 1993.
Classification: Medieval-Spain and Portugal
Classification: Medieval-Early Modern. Crusade of Nicopolis
-
Pall,
F. "Les Croisades en Orient au Bas Moyen-�ge. Observations critiques sur
l'ouvrage de M. Atiya," Revue Historique du Sud-Est Europ�en 19 (1942), 527-583.
Classification: Medieval-Later Crusades
-
Pall,
F. "Autour de la croisade de Varna: la question de la paix de Szeged et
de sa rupture (1444)." Bulletin Sect. Hist. Acad. Roum. 22,2 (1941), 144-158.
Classification: Medieval-Early Modern. Fall of Constantinople
-
Le
Cinq-Centième Anniversaire de la prise de Constantinople.
Athens, 1953.
L'Hell�nisme Contemporain. 2ème s�rie,
7ème ann�e, Fascicule hors s�rie.
-
Pertusi, Agostino. La Caduta di Costantinopoli.
2 vols. Rome, Milan: Fondazione L. Valla, Mondadori,
1976.
-
Pertusi,
Agostino; Carile, Antonio. Testi inediti e poco noti sulla caduta di
Costantinopoli. Bologna: Pàtron, 1983.
Classification: Medieval-Early Modern. Ottoman Turkish
Wars
-
Kafadar,
Cemal. Between Two Worlds: the Construction of the Ottoman State.
Berkeley: University of California Press 1995.
-
Murphey,
Rhoads. The Functioning of the Ottoman Army under Murad IV (1623-1639/1032-1049):
Key to the Understanding of the Relationship Between Center and Periphery.
Ph.D. diss. University of Chicago, 1979.
-
-
Zachariadou,
Elisabeth A., ed. The Ottoman Emirate (1300-1389): Halcyon Days in Crete
1: A Symposium Held in Rethymnon 11-13 January 1991.
Rethymnon: Crete University Press, 1993.
Classification: Early Modern. Spain and Portugal
Classification: Hundred Years' War-England
-
Brill,
Reginald. An English Captain of the Later Hundred Years War: John, Lord
Talbot, c. 1388-1444. Ph.D. diss. Princeton, 1966.
Classification: Medieval Eastern Europe
-
Chekin,
Leonid S. "The Godless Ishmaelites: The Image of the Steppe in Eleventh-Thirteenth
Century Rus'," Russian History 19, nos. 1-4 (1992), 9-28.
-
Dunning,
Chester S. L. "Cossacks and the Southern Frontier in the Time of Troubles," Russian
History 19, nos. 1-4 (1992), 57-74.
-
Hellie, Richard. Enserfment and Military Change in
Muscovy. Chicago:
University of Chicago Press, 1971.
-
Hellie,
Richard. "The Impact of the Southern and Eastern Frontiers of Muscovy
on the Ulozhenie (Law Code) of 1649 Compared with the Impact of the Western
Frontier." Russian History 19,
nos. 1-4 (1992), 99-115.
-
Khodarkovsky,
Michael. "From Frontier to Empire: The Concept of the Frontier in Russia,
Sixteenth-Eighteenth Centuries," Russian History 19, nos. 1-4 (1992), 115-128.
Classification: Military Technology-Premodern. Fortifications-Byzantine
-
Roncuzzi,
Arnaldo. "Fortificazioni di Eruli e Goti nell'assedio di Ravenna," Teodorico
e i Goti tra Oriente e Occidente. Ed. Antonio Carile. Ravenna: Longo Editore, 1995,
pp. 1237-250.
-
Sullivan,
Denis F. Siegecraft. Two Twelfth-Century Instructional Manuals by "Hieron of Byzantium." Dumbarton
Oaks Studies, XXXVI. Washington: Dumbarton
Oaks, 2000.
-
Classification: Classification: Military Technology-Premodern-Ships-Medieval
Early Period
-
Cosentino,
Salvatore. "Gaudiosus 'draconarius'. La
Sardegna bizantina attraverso un epitafio del sec. VI," Quaderni
della Rivista di Bizantinistica 13 (1994),
3-35.
-
Cosentino,
Salvatore. "The Syrianos's Strategicon: A 9th Century
Source?," Bizantinistica. Rivista di Studi Bizantini e Slavi,
2nd., ser., 2 (2000), 243-280.
In conclusion, it is difficult to do justice to such a
vast and welcome bibliographical endeavor. We all owe gratitude to the compiler
and we shall use this bibliography and its future updates. However other
specialists will no doubt find additional lacunae and suggestions.
Walter E. Kaegi
University of Chicago <email>
Page Added: January 2004