Bibliography of the First Crusade (1095-1099)

compiled by

 Alan V. Murray

Institute for Medieval Studies, University of Leeds

A.V.Murray@leeds.ac.uk

© Alan V. Murray 2004

This is a classified bibliography which covers the main sources, events, personalities and themes of the First Crusade, as well as providing some basic reading on its ideological and political background.

An outline of the bibliography is given below. In the sections on sources and commentary, editions and trans­lations are grouped together first, and followed by secondary works. Frequently cited collective works such as Festschriften,  collected essays and conference papers are normally given in abbreviated form; full publication details of such works are given at section 1.2. Where relevant, cross-references are given at the end of sections.

OUTLINE OF BIBLIOGRAPHY

1. GENERAL WORKS

1.1. Bibliography

1.2. The Crusades in General (including frequently cited works)

1.3. The First Crusade in General

2. SOURCES AND COMMENTARY

2.1. Western Sources

1. General - 2. Albert of Aachen - 3. Baldric of Dol - 4. Chronicle of Zimmern - 5. Ekkehard of Aura - 6. Fulcher of Chartres - 7. Gesta Francorum - 8. Guibert of Nogent -  9. Orderic Vitalis - 10. Peter Tudebode - 11. Radulph of Caen - 12. Raymond of Aguilers - 13. Robert the Monk - 14. William of Malmesbury - 15. William of Tyre - 16. Other Sources - 17. Documents

2.2. Greek Sources

      1. Anna Komnene - 2. John Zonaras

2.3. Hebrew Sources

2.4. Armenian Sources

2.5. Syriac Sources

      1. General - 2. Anonymous Syriac Chronicle - 3. Bar Hebraeus - 4. Michael the Syrian

2.6. Arabic Sources

      1. General - 2. Ibn al-Athir - 3. Ibn al-Qalanisi - 4. Kamal al-Din

3. ORIGINS OF THE CRUSADE

3.1. The Middle East

      1. General - 2. Armenia - 3. Byzantium - 4. Fatimids - 5. Seljuks

3.2. Crusading Ideology

      1. General - 2. Holy War - 3. Pilgrimage - Jerusalem - 5. Attitudes to Islam

3.3. Urban II and the Council of Clermont

4. COMPOSITION OF THE CRUSADE

4.1. Motivation

4.2. Recruitment and Participation

4.3. Individual Leaders

1. Adhemar of Le Puy - 2. Baldwin of Boulogne - 3. Bohemond – 3a. Daibert of Pisa - 4. Eustace of Boulogne - 5. Godfrey of Bouillon - 6. Hugh of Vermandois - 7. Peter the Hermit - 8. Raymond of Saint-Gilles - 9. Robert of Flanders - 10. Robert of Normandy - 11. Stephen of Blois - 12.  Tancred

5. THE COURSE OF THE CRUSADE

5.1. The People’s Expeditions

5.2. Stages of the Crusade

5.3. The Crusade and the Jews

5.4. The Crusade and Byzantium

5.5. Individual Aspects

      1. Military Aspects - 2. The Holy Lance - 3. The Poor - 4. Death and Martyrdom - 5. Religious and Social Aspects

5.6. The Frankish Settlements in Outremer

5.7. The Crusade of 1101

1. GENERAL WORKS

1.1. BIBLIOGRAPHY

ATIYA, Aziz S., The Crusade: Historiography and Bibliography (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1962).

International Medieval Bibliography, ed. Robert S. HOYT, Peter H. SAWYER et al. (Leeds: International Medieval Bibliography, 1967-) [“Crusades” section]

MAYER, Hans Eberhard, Bibliographie zur Geschichte der Kreuz­züge (Hannover: Hahn, 1960).

MAYER, Hans Eberhard, “Literaturbericht über die Geschichte der Kreuzzüge”, Historische Zeitschrift Sonderheft 3 (1969), 641-731.

MAYER, Hans Eberhard; McLELLAN, Joyce, “Select bibliography of the crusades”, in A History of the Crusades, ed. SETTON, 6: 511-664.

1.2. THE CRUSADES IN GENERAL  (including frequently cited  works)

Atlas of the Crusades, ed. Jonathan RILEY-SMITH (London: Times Books, 1991).

Autour de la Première Croisade: Actes du Colloque de la Society for the Study of the Crusades and the Latin East (Clermont-Ferrand, 22-25 juin 1995), ed. Michel BALARD (Paris: Publications de la Sorbonne, 1996).

CAHEN, Claude, Orient et Occident aux temps des croisades (Paris: Aubier Montaigne, 1983).

Le Concile de Clermont de 1095 et l’appel à la croisade: Actes du Colloque Univer­sitaire International de Clermont-Ferrand (23-25 juin 1995) (Rome: l’Ecole française de Rome, 1997).

La Croisade - Réalités et fictions. Actes du Colloque d’Amiens 18-22 mars 1987, ed. Danielle BUSCHINGER (Göp­pingen: Kümmerle, 1989).

Crusade and Settlement: Papers Read at the First Conference of the Society for the Study of the Crusades and the Latin East and presented to R.C. Smail, ed. Peter W. EDBURY (Cardiff: University College Cardiff Press, 1985).

Crusaders and Muslims in Twelfth-Century Syria, ed. Maya SHATZMILLER (Leiden: Brill, 1993).

The Crusades and Other Historical Essays presented to Dana C. Munro by his Former Students, ed. Louis J. PAETOW (New York: F. S. Crofts, 1928).

The Crusades and Their Sources: Essays Presented to Bernard Hamilton, ed. John FRANCE and William G. ZAJAC (Aldershot: Ashgate, 1998).

The Crusades: Other Experiences, Alternate Perspectives. Selected Proceedings from the 32nd Annual CEMERS Conference, ed. Khalil I. SEMAAN (Binghamton: Global Academic Publishing).

Les Epopées de la Croisade. Premier colloque international (Trèves, 6-11 août 1984), ed. Karl-Heinz BENDER and Hermann KLEBER (Stuttgart: Franz Steiner, 1987).

ERP, Antonius Hendrikus van, Gesta Francorum, gesta Dei? Motivering en recht­vaardiging van de eerste kruistochten door tijdgenoten en moslimse reactie (Amsterdam: Rodopi, 1982).

Der Erste Kreuzzug 1096 und seine Folgen: Die Verfolgung von Juden im Rheinland (Düsseldorf: Archiv der Evangelischen Kirche im Rheinland, 1996).

The Experience of Crusading, ed. Marcus BULL, Norman HOUSLEY, Peter EDBURY and Jonathan PHILLIPS, 2 vols (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2003).

The First Crusade: Origins and Impact, ed. Jonathan P. PHILLIPS (Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1997).

From Clermont to Jerusalem: The Crusades and Crusader Societies, 1095-1500, ed. Alan V. MURRAY (Turnhout: Brepols, 1998).

Gendering the Crusades, ed. Susan B. EDGINGTON and Susan LAMBERT (Cardiff: University of Wales Press, 2001).

Historians of the Middle East, ed. Bernard LEWIS and P. M. HOLT (London: Oxford University Press, 1962).

A History of the Crusades, ed. Kenneth M. SETTON et al., 6 vols, 2nd edn (Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1969-89).

The Horns of Hattin: Proceedings of the Second Conference of the Society for the Study of the Crusades and the Latin East, Jerusalem and Haifa, 2-6 July 1987, ed. Benjamin Z. KEDAR (Jerusalem: Israel Exploration Society/Variorum, 1992).

JASPERT, Nikolas, Die Kreuzzüge (Darmstadt: Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft, 2003).

Jerusalem im Hoch- und Spätmittelalter. Konflikte und Konfliktbewältigung – Vorstellungen und Vergegenwärtigungen, ed. Dieter BAUER, Klaus HERBERS and Nikolas JASPERT (Frankfurt am Main: Campus Verlag, 2001).

H KuproV kai oi StaurojorieV: Oi AnakoinwseiV tou DieqnouV Sumposiou “H KuproV kai oi StaurojorieV”, Leukwsia, 6-9 Settembriou 1994 / Cyprus and the Crusades: Papers Given at the International Conference “Cyprus and the Crusades”, Nicosia, 6-9 September, 1994, ed. Nicholas COUREAS and Jonathan RILEY-SMITH (Nicosia: Cyprus Research Centre, 1995).

The Meeting of Two Worlds: Cultural Exchange between East and West During the Period of the Crusades, ed. Vladimir P. GOSS (Kalamazoo, Michigan: Medieval Institute Publications, Western Michigan University, 1986).

“Militia Christi” e Crociata nei secoli XI-XIII: Atti della undecima Settimana inter­nazionale di studio, Mendola, 28 agosto - 1 settembre 1989 (Milano: Vita e Pensiero, 1992).

Outremer: Studies in the History of the Crusading Kingdom of Jerusalem presented to Joshua Prawer, ed. Benjamin Z. KEDAR, Hans Eberhard MAYER and R. C. SMAIL (Jerusalem, Yad Izhak Ben-Zvi Institute, 1982).

Oxford Illustrated History of the Crusades, ed. Jonathan RILEY-SMITH (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1995).

MAYER, Hans Eberhard, Geschichte der Kreuzzüge, 8th edn (Stuttgart: Kohlhammer, 1995).

MÖHRING, Hans, “Kreuzzug und Dschihad in der mediaevistischen und oriental­ischen Forschung 1965-1985”, Innsbrucker historische Studien 10-11 (1988), 361-86 [survey of research].

Piacenza e la prima crociata, ed. Pierre RACINE (Piacenza: Diabasis, 1995).

RICHARD, Jean, Histoire des croisades (Paris: Fayard, 1996).

RILEY-SMITH, Jonathan S. C., “History, the crusades and the Latin East, 1095-1204: A personal view”, in Crusaders and Muslims in Twelfth-Century Syria, pp. 1-17 [survey of research].

RUNCIMAN, Steven, A History of the Crusades, 3 vols (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1951-54).

War and Society in the Eastern Mediterranean, 7th-15th Centuries, ed. Yaacov LEV (Leiden: Brill, 1997).

1.3. THE FIRST CRUSADE IN GENERAL

ARMANSKI, Gerhard, Es begann in Clermont: Der erste Kreuzzug und die Genese der Gewalt in Europa (Pfaffen­weiler: Centaurus-Verlagsgesellschaft, 1995).

BRANDT, Coenraad D. J., Kruisvarders naar Jeruzalem: Geschiedenis van de eerste kruistocht (Utrecht: W. de Haan, 1950).

CAHEN, Claude, “An introduction to the First Crusade”, Past and Present 6 (1954), 6-29.

CHALANDON, Ferdinand, Histoire de la première croisade jusqu’à l’élection de Godefroi de Bouillon (Paris: Picard, 1925).

EDGINGTON, Susan B., The First Crusade (London: Historical Association, 1996).

EDGINGTON, Susan, “The First Crusade in post-war fiction”, in The Experience of Crusading, 1: Western Approaches, ed. Marcus Bull and Norman Housley (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2003), pp. 255-80.

FLORI, Jean, “L’idea di crociata”, in Piacenza e la prima crociata, pp. 15-33.

FLORI, Jean, La Première Croisade: L’Occident chrétien contre l’Islam (Paris: Editions Complexe, 1992).

FRANCE, John, “Les origines de la Première Croisade: un nouvel examen”, in Autour de la Première Croisade, pp. 43-56.

FRANCE, John, Victory in the East: A Military History of the First Crusade (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1994) [despite title, a detailed general history of the expedition].

HAGENMEYER, Heinrich, “Chronologie de la première croisade 1094-1100”, ROL 6 (1898), 214-93, 490-549, 7 (1899), 275-399, 430-503, 8 (1900-1), 318-82.

HEERS, Jacques, “Le implicaziono economiche della prima crociata”, in Piacenza e la prima crociata, pp. 103-24.

HEERS, Jacques, Libérer Jérusalem: La Première Croisade, 1095-1107 (Paris: Perrin, 1995).

HIESTAND, Rudolf, “Der Erste Kreuzzug in der Welt des ausgehenden 11. Jahr­hunderts”, in Der Erste Kreuzzug 1096 und seine Folgen, pp. 1-36.

RILEY-SMITH, Jonathan S. C., The First Crusade and the Idea of Crusading (London: Athlone Press, 1986).

RILEY-SMITH, Jonathan S. C., The First Crusaders, 1095-1131 (Cambridge: Cambridge Univer­­­sity Press, 1997).

RÖHRICHT, Reinhold, Geschichte des Ersten Kreuzzuges (Innsbruck: Wagner’sche Universitäts-Buchhandlung, 1901).

ROUSSET, Paul, Les origines et les caractères de la Première Croisade (Neuchâtel: Ed. de la Baconnière, 1945).

WARD, John O., “Disaster and disaster-response in a medieval context: The First Crusade”, in Disasters: Image and Context, ed. Peter HINTON (Sydney: Sydney Association for Studies in Culture, 1992), pp. 105-40.

2. SOURCES AND COMMENTARY 

2.1. WESTERN SOURCES

2.1.1. GENERAL

Recueil des historiens des croisades. Historiens Occidentaux, 5 vols (Paris: Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres, 1841-1906) [cited as RHC Occ.]

Chronicles of the Crusades, ed. Elizabeth HALLAM (London: Weidenfeld, 1989) [contains numerous translated extracts from sources].

The First Crusade: The Chronicle of Fulcher of Chartres and Other Source Material, trans. Edward PETERS (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1971).

BALARD, Michel, “Gesta Dei per Francos: L’usage du mot ‘francs’ dans les chroniques de la première croisade”, in  Clovis: Histoire & mémoire. Le baptême de Clovis, son écho à travers l’histoire, ed. Michel ROUCHE (Paris: Presses de l’Université de Paris-Sorbonne, 1997), pp. 473-84.

BOEHM, Laetitia, “Gesta Dei per Francos - oder Gesta Francorum: Die Kreuzzüge als historiographisches Problem”, Saeculum 8 (1957), 43-81.

COLE, Penny J., “Christians, Muslims and the ‘liberation of the Holy Land’”, Catholic Historical Review 84 (1998), 1-10.

ELM, Kaspar, “Die Eroberung Jerusalems im Jahre 1099. Ihre Darstellung, Beurteilung und Deutung in den Quellen zur Geschichte des Ersten Kreuzzugs”, in Jerusalem im Hoch- und Spätmittelalter, pp. 31-45.

FRANCE, John, “The Anonymous Gesta Francorum and the Historia Francorum qui ceperunt Iherusalem of Raymond of Aguilers and the Historia de Hierosolymitano Itinere of Peter Tudebode”, in The Crusades and Their Sources, 39-69.

GOETZ, Hans-Werner, “Der Erste Kreuzzug im Spiegel der deutschen Geschichtsschreibung”, in Auslandsbeziehungen unter den salischen Kaisern: Geistige Auseinandersetzung und Politik, ed. Franz STAAB (Speyer: Verlag der Pfälzischen Gesellschaft zur Förderung der Wissenschaften, 1994), pp. 139-62.

JACOBSEN, Peter Christian, “Die Eroberung von Jerusalem in der mittellateinsischen Dichtung”, in Jerusalem im Hoch- und Spätmittelalter, pp. 335-366.

LEVINE, Robert, “The pious traitor: rhetorical reinventions of the fall of Antioch”, Mittellateinisches Jahrbuch 33 (1998), 59-80.

LUCHITSKAYA [given as LOUCHITSKAJA], Svetlana Igorevna, “Barbarae nationes: les peuples musulmans dans les chroniques de la Première Croisade”, in Autour de la Première Croisade, pp. 99-107.

MURRAY, Alan V., “Coroscane: Homeland of the Saracens in the Chansons de geste and the historiography of the crusades”, in Aspects de l’épopée romane: Mentalités - idéologies - inter­textualités, ed. Hans van DIJK and Willem NOOMEN (Groningen: Forsten, 1995), pp. 177-84.

MURRAY, Alan V., “Ethnic identity in the Crusader States: The Frankish race and the settlement of Outremer”, in Concepts of National Identity in the Middle Ages, ed. Simon FORDE, Lesley JOHNSON and Alan V. MURRAY (Leeds: Leeds Studies in English, 1995), pp. 59-73.

POWELL, James M., “Myth, legend, propaganda, history: The First Crusade, 1140 - ca. 1300”, in Autour de la Première Croisade, pp. 127-41.

ZABOROV, M. A., Введение в историографию крестовых походов (латинская хронография XI-XIII веков) (Moskva: Nauka, 1966).

2.1.2. ALBERT OF AACHEN

Alberti Aquensis Historia Hierosolymitana, RHC Occ. 4: 265-713.

EDGINGTON, Susan B., “The Historia Iherosolimitana of Albert of Aachen: A critical edition” (unpublished Ph.D. thesis, University of London, 1991) [to be published in the series Oxford Medieval Texts].

Geschichte des ersten Kreuzzuges, trans. Herman HEFELE, 2 vols (Jena: Eugen Diederich, 1923).

BEAUMONT, André Alden, “Albert of Aachen and the County of Edessa”, in The Crusades and Other Historical Essays, pp. 101-38.

CAHEN, Claude, “A propos d’Albert d'Aix et de Richard le Pèlerin”, Le Moyen Age 96 (1990), 31-33.

EDGINGTON, Susan B., “Albert of Aachen and the chansons de geste”, in The Crusades and Their Sources, pp. 23-37.

EDGINGTON, Susan B., “Albert of Aachen reappraised”, in From Clermont to Jerusalem, pp. 55-67.

EDGINGTON, Susan B., “The First Crusade: Reviewing the evidence”, in The First Crusade: Origins and Impact, pp. 57-77.

KNOCH, Peter, Studien zu Albert von Aachen: Der 1. Kreuzzug in der deutschen Chronistik (Stuttgart: Klett, 1966).

LOHRMANN, Dietrich, “Albert von Aachen und die Judenpogrome des Jahres 1096), Zeitschrift des Aachener Geschichtsvereins 100 for 1995-96 (1996), 129-51.

MINIS, Cola, “Stilelemente in der  Kreuzzugschronik des Albert von Aachen und in der volkssprachigen Epik, besonders in der Chanson de Roland”, in Literatur und Sprache im europäischen Mittelalter: Festschrift K. Langosch, ed. Alf ÖNNERFORS, Johannes RATHOFER and Fritz WAGNER (Darm­stadt: Wissen­schaftliche Buchgesellschaft, 1973), 356-63.

MORRIS, Colin, “The aims and spirituality of the crusade as seen through the eyes of Albert of Aix”, Reading Medieval Studies 16 (1990), 99-117.

MULINDER, Alec, “Albert of Aachen and the crusade of 1101”, in From Clermont to Jerusalem, pp. 69-77.

NASS, Klaus, “Wolfenbütteler Funde”, Deutsches Archiv für Erforschung des Mittelalters 49 (1993), 165-69 [a newly discovered fragment].

See also Faber (5.3), Edgington 1994a (2.1.2) 1994b (5.5.4)

2.1.3. BALDRIC OF DOL

Baldrici episcopi Dolensis Historia Jerosolimitana, RHC Occ. 4: 1-111.

GRILLO, Peter, “Vers une édition du texte français de l’Historia Jerosolimitana de Baudri de Dol”, in Autour de la Première Croisade, pp. 9-16.

PETIT, Aimé, “Le camp chrétien devant Antioche dans le RPCBB”, Romania 108 (1987), 503-19

2.1.4. CHRONICLE OF ZIMMERN

Die Zimmerische Chronik, ed. Karl August BARACK, 4 vols (Tübingen: Litterar­ischer Verein in Stuttgart, 1869; 2nd edn  Freiburg im Breisgau: Akad­emische Verlagsbuchhandlung Mohr, 1881-82).

Die Chronik der Grafen von Zimmern: Handschriften 580 und 581 der Fürstlich Fürstenbergischen Hofbibliothek Donaueschingen, ed. Hansmartin DECKER-HAUFF et al., 7 vols (Konstanz: Thorbecke, 1964-)

BAUMGART, Hans, “Studien zur Zimmerschen Chronik des Grafen Froben Christoph und zur Mainzer Bistumschronik des Grafen Wilhelm Werner von Zimmern” (unpublished Ph.D. thesis, University of Freiburg, 1923).

HAGENMEYER, Heinrich [given as Henri], “Etude sur la Chronique de Zimmern: Renseignements qu’elle fournit sur la première croisade”, Archives de l’Orient latin 2 (1884), 20-36.

JENNY, Beat Rudolf, Graf Froben Christoph von Zimmern: Geschichtsschreiber, Erzähler, Landesherr. Ein Beitrag zur Geschichte des Humanismus in Schwaben (Konstanz: Thorbecke, 1959).

MURRAY, Alan V., “The Chronicle of Zimmern as a source for the First Crusade: The evidence of Ms. Stuttgart, Württembergische Landes­biblio­thek, Cod. Don. 580”, in The First Crusade: Origins and Impact, pp. 78-106.

MURRAY, Alan V., ‘Deutsche Anführer beim Ersten Kreuzzug in der Geschichts­­schreibung der Frühen Neuzeit. Zur Kreuzzugsdarstellung der Zimmerischen Chronik’, Zeitschrift für Württembergische Landesgeschichte 61 (2002), 145-57.

MURRAY, Alan V., ‘Ein Herzog von Teck als Teilnehmer des Ersten Kreuzzugs? Ein Beitrag zur süddeutschen Geschichtsschreibung der Kreuzzugs­bewegung?’, in Schriftenreihe des Stadtarchivs Kirchheim unter Teck 28 (2002), 137-56.

MURRAY, Alan V., “Walther duke of Teck: The invention of a German hero of the First Crusade”, Medieval Prosopography 19 (1998), 35-54.

See also Murray 1992 (4.2)

2.1.5. EKKEHARD OF AURA

Ekkehardi abbatis Uraugiensis Hierosolymita, RHC Occ. 5: 1-40.

Frutolfs und Ekkehards Chroniken und die Anonyme Kaiserchronik [Frutolfi et Ekkehardi Chronica necnon Anonymi Chronica Imperatorum], ed. and trans. Franz-Josef SCHMALE and Irene SCHMALE-OTT (Darmstadt: Wissen­schaft­­liche Buch­gesell­schaft, 1972).

SCHMALE, Franz-Josef, “Überlieferungskritik und Editionsprinzipien der Chronik Ekkehards von Aura”, Deutsches Archiv für Erforschung des Mittel­alters 27 (1971), 110-34

2.1.6. FULCHER OF CHARTRES

Fulcher of Chartres: Chronicle of the First Crusade, trans. Martha E. McGINTY (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1941).

Fulcheri Carnotensis Historia Hierosolymitana (1095-1127), ed. Heinrich HAGEN­­MEYER (Heidelberg: Carl Winter, 1913).

Historia Iherosolymitana … auctore domno Fulcheri Carnotensi, RHC Occ. 3: 311-485.

A History of the Expedition to Jerusalem 1095-1127, tr. Frances S. RYAN, ed. Harold S. FINK (Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press, 1960).

EPP, Verena, Fulcher von Chartres: Studien zur Geschichts­schreibung des ersten Kreuzzuges (Düsseldorf: Droste, 1990).

EPP, Verena, “Miles und militia bei Fulcher von Chartres und seinen Bearbeitern”, in “Militia Christi” e Crociata nei secoli XI-XIII, pp. 769-84.

GIESE, Wolfgang, “Untersuchungen zur Historia Hierosolymitana des Fulcher von Chartres”, Archiv für Kulturgeschichte 69 (1987), 62-115.

KOHLER, Charles, “Un sermon commémoratif de la prise de Jérusalem par les croisés attribué à Foucher de Chartres”, Revue de l’Orient latin 8 (1900-1), 158-64.

WARD, John O., “Some principles of rhetorical historiography in the twelfth century”, in Classical Rhetoric and Medieval Historiography, ed. E. BREISACH (Kalamazoo: Medieval Institute Publications, 1985), pp. 118-45.

See also Peters 1971 (2.1.1)

2.1.7. GESTA FRANCORUM

Anonymi Gesta Francorum et aliorum Hierosolimitanorum, ed. Heinrich HAGENMEYER (Heidelberg: Carl Winter, 1890).

Gesta Francorum et aliorum Hierosolimitanorum, ed. and trans. Rosalind HILL (London: Nelson, 1962).

La Geste des Francs: Chronique anonyme de la Première Croisade, trans. Aude MATIGNON (Paris: Arléa, 1992).

Histoire anonyme de la Première Croisade, ed. and trans. Louis BRÉHIER (Paris: Champion, 1924).

BEER, Jeanette, “Heroic language and the eyewitness: The Gesta Francorum and La Chanson d’Antioche”, in Echoes of the Epic: Studies in Honor of Gerard J. Brault, ed. David P. SCHENCK and Mary Jane SCHENCK (Birmingham, Ala., 1998), pp. 1-16.

FRANCE, John, “The use of the anonymous Gesta Francorum in the early twelfth-century sources for the First Crusade”, in From Clermont to Jerusalem, pp. 29-42.

HILL, Rosalind, “Crusading warfare: A camp-follower’s view, 1097-1120”, in Proceedings of the Battle Conference on Anglo-Norman Studies, I, ed. R. Allen BROWN (Ipswich: Boydell & Brewer, 1979), pp. 75-83, 209-11.

KREY, August C., “A neglected passage in the Gesta and its bearing on the literature of the First Crusade”, in The Crusades and Other Historical Essays, pp. 57-78.

MORRIS, Colin, “The Gesta Francorum as narrative history”, Reading Medieval Studies 19 (1993), 55-71.

OEHLER, Hans, “Studien zu den Gesta Francorum”, Mittel­lateinisches Jahrbuch 6 (1970), 58-97.

SKOULATOS, B., “L’auteur anonyme des Gesta Francorum et aliorum Hierosol­imitanorum et le monde byzantine”, Byzantion 50 (1980), 504-32.

WITZEL, Conrad, “Le problème de l’auteur des Gesta Francorum”, Le Moyen Age 61 (1955), 319-28.

WOLF, Kenneth Baxter, “Crusade and narrative: Bohemond and the Gesta Francorum”, Journal of Medieval History 17 (1991), 207-16.

See also France (2.1.1)

2.1.8. GUIBERT OF NOGENT

Historia quae dicitur Gesta Dei per Francos, RHC Occ. 4: 113-263.

Guibertus abbas S. Mariae Nogenti, Dei gesta per Francos, ed. Robert B. C. HUYGENS, Corpus Christianorum, Continuatio Mediaevalis, 127A (Turnhout: Brepols, 1996).

The Deeds of God through the Franks: A Translation of Guibert de Nogent’s Gesta Dei per Francos, trans. Robert LEVINE (Woodbridge: Boydell & Brewer, 1996).

Guibert de Nogent, Geste de Dieu par les Francs: Histoire de la Première Croisade, trans. Monique-Cécile GARAND (Turnhout: Brepols, 1998).

BENTON, J., “The personality of Guibert of Nogent”, Psychoanalytic Review 57 (1970-71), 563-86.

BURSTEIN, Eitan, “Quelques remarques sur le vocabulaire de Guibert de Nogent”, Cahiers de civilisation médiévale 21 (1978), 247-63.

CHAURAND, J., “La conception de l’histoire de Guibert de Nogent”, Cahiers de civilisation médiévale 8 (1965), 381-95.

COUPE, M. D., “The personality of Guibert de Nogent reconsidered”, Journal of Medieval History 9 (1983), 317-29.

GARAND, Monique-Cécile, “Le scriptorium de Guibert de Nogent”, Scriptorium 31 (1977), 3-29.

HUYGENS, Robert B. C., La Tradition manuscrite de Guibert de Nogent (Steenbrugis: Abbatia S. Petri, 1991).

LEVINE, Robert, “Satiric vulgarity in Guibert of Nogent's Gesta Dei per Francos”, Rhetorica 7 (1989), 261-73.

MOORE, R. I., “Guibert of Nogent and his world”, in Studies in Medieval History Presented to R. H. C. Davies, ed. Henry MAYR-HARTING and R. I. MOORE (London: Hambledon, 1985), pp. 107-17.

PARTNER, Nancy F., “The family romance of Guibert of Nogent: His story/her story”, in Medieval Mothering, ed. John Carmi PARSONS and Bonnie WHEELER (New York: Garland, 1996), pp. 359-79.

STRZELCZYK, Jerzy, “Guibert z Nogent, czyli rodzinno-spoleczne uwarun­kowania zaburzen osobowosci czlowieka sredniowiecznego”, in Czlowiek w spoleczenstwie srednio­wiecznym, ed. Roman MICHALOWSKI et al. (Warszawa: Wydawnictwo DiG, 1997), pp. 237-52.

See also Faber (5.3)

2.1.9. ORDERIC VITALIS

The Ecclesiastical History of Orderic Vitalis, ed. and trans. Marjorie CHIBNALL, 6 vols (Oxford: Clarendon, 1969-80).

CHIBNALL, Marjorie, The World of Orderic Vitalis (Oxford: Clarendon, 1984).

MUSSET, Lucien, “L’horizon géographique, moral et intellectuel d’Orderic Vital, historien anglo-normand”, in La Chronique et l’histoire au Moyen Age, ed. Daniel POIRION (Paris: Université de Paris-Sorbonne, 1984), 101-22.

2.1.10. PETER TUDEBODE

Historia de Hierosolymitano itinere, ed. John H. HILL and Laurita L. HILL (Paris: Paul Geuthner, 1977).

Historia de Hierosolymitano itinere, trans. John H. HILL and Laurita L. HILL (Philadelphia: American Philosophical Society, 1974).

Petri Tudebodi seu Tudebovis sacerdotis Sivracensis historia de Hierosolymitano itinere, RHC Occ. 3: 1-117.

See also France (2.1.1)

2.1.11. RADULPH OF CAEN

Gesta Tancredi in expeditione Hierosolymitana … auctore Radulfo Cadomensi, RHC Occ. 3: 587-716.

BOEHM, Laetitia, “Die Gesta Tancredi des Radulph von Caen: Ein Beitrag zur Geschichts­schreibung der Normannen um 1100”, Historisches Jahrbuch 75 (1956), 47-72.

PAYEN, Jean-Charles, “Une légende épique en gestation: Les Gesta Tancredi de Raoul de Caen”, in La Chanson de Geste et le Mythe carolingien. Mélanges René Louis, ed. Emmanuèle BAUM­GARTNER et al., 2 vols (Saint-Père-sous-Vézelay: n.p., 1982), 2:1051-62.

2.1.12. RAYMOND OF AGUILERS

Historia Francorum qui ceperunt Iherusalem, ed. and tr. John H. HILL and Laurita L. HILL (Philadelphia: American Philosophical Society, 1968).

Le “Liber” de Raymond d’Aguilers, ed. John H. HILL and Laurita L. HILL (Paris: Paul Geuthner, 1969).

Raimundi de Aguilers canonici Podiensis historia Francorum qui ceperunt Iherusalem, RHC Occ. 3: 231-309.

FRANCE, John, “A critical edition of the Historia Francorum qui ceperunt Iherusalem of Raymond of Aguilers” (unpublished Ph.D. thesis, University of Nottingham, 1967).

RICHARD, Jean, “Raymond d’Aguilers, historien de la première croisade”, Journal des Savants 3 (1971), 206-12.

See also France (2.1.1), Auffarth 1989 (5.5.4)

2.1.13. ROBERT THE MONK

Roberti Monachi historia Iherosolimitana, RHC Occ. 3: 717-882.

Historia Hierosolymitana von Robertus Monachus in deutscher Übersetzung, ed. Barbara HAUPT (Wiesbaden: Steiner, 1972).

Robert the Monk’s History of the First Crusade: The Historia Iherosolimitana, trans. Carol SWEETENHAM (Aldershot: Ashgate, 2005)

BUCK, Thomas Martin, “Von der Kreuzzugsgeschichte zum Reisebuch: Zur Historia Hierosolymitana des Robertus Monachus”, Deutsche Vierteljahres­schrift für Literatur­wissenschaft und Geistesgeschichte 76 (2002), 321-55.

KRAFT, Friedrich, Heinrich Steinhöwels Verdeutschung der Historia Hiero­soly­mitana des Robertus Monachus: eine literarhistorische Untersuchung (Straßburg: Trübner, 1905).

RUSSO, Luigi, “Ricerche sull’Historia Iherosolimitana”, Studi medievali ser.3,43 (2002), 651-91.

2.1.14. WILLIAM OF MALMESBURY

William of Malmesbury, De Gestis Regum Anglorum, ed. William STUBBS, Roll Series 90, 2 vols (London: HMSO, 1887-89).

Gesta Regum Anglorum, ed. and trans. R. A. B. MYNORS,  Rodney M. THOMSON and M. WINTERBOTTOM, 2 vols (Oxford, forthcoming).

BROOKE, Christopher, “William of Malmesbury as historian and man of letters”, Journal of Eccesiastical History 29 (1978), 387-414.

GRABOIS, Aryeh, “The description of Jerusalem by William of Malmesbury: A mirror of the Holy Land's presence in the Anglo-Norman mind”, in Anglo-Norman Studies, XIII: Proceedings of the Battle Conference, 1990, ed. Marjorie CHIBNALL (Wood­bridge: Boydell & Brewer, 1991), pp. 145-56.

THOMSON, Rodney M., William of Malmesbury (Woodbridge: Boydell & Brewer, 1987).

THOMSON, Rodney M., “William of Malmesbury, historian of crusade”, Reading Medieval Studies 23 (1997), 121-34.

WINTERBOTTOM, Michael, “The Gesta Regum of William of Malmesbury”, Journal of Medieval Latin 5 (1995), 158-73.

See also Ward 1985 (2.1.6)

2.1.15. WILLIAM OF TYRE

Guillaume de Tyr, Chronique, ed. Robert B. C. HUYGENS, Corpus Christian­orum, Continuatio Mediaevalis, 63-63A, 2 vols (Turnhout: Brepols, 1986).

A History of Deeds done Beyond the Sea by William Archbishop of Tyre, trans. Emily A. BABCOCK and August C. KREY, 2 vols (New York: Columbia University Press, 1943).

Historia rerum in partibus transmarinis gestarum edita a venerabili Willermo Tyrensi archiepiscopo, RHC Occ. 1-2.

DAVIS, R. H. C., “William of Tyre”, in Relations Between East and West in the Middle Ages, ed. Derek BAKER (Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 1973), pp. 64-76.

EDBURY, Peter W.; ROWE, John Gordon, William of Tyre: Historian of the Latin East (Cambridge: CUP, 1988).

FOLDA, Jaroslav, “Manuscripts of the history of Outremer by William of Tyre: A handlist”, Scriptorium 27 (1973), 90-95.

HAMILTON, Bernard, “William of Tyre and the Byzantine Empire”, in Porphyrogenita: Essays on the History and Literature of Byzantium and the Latin East in Honour of Julian Chrysostomides, ed. Charalambos DENDRINOS, Jonathan HARRIS, Eirene HARVALIA-CROOK and Judith HERRIN (Aldershot: Ashgate, 2003), pp. 219-33.

HIESTAND, Rudolf, “Zum Leben und zur Laufbahn Wilhelms von Tyrus”, Deutsches Archiv für Erforschung des Mittelalters 34 (1978), 345-80.

HUYGENS, Robert B. C., “La tradition manuscrite de Guillaume de Tyr”, Studi medievali ser. 3, 5 (1964), 281-373.

HUYGENS, Robert B. C., “Editing William of Tyre”, Sacris Erudiri 27 (1984), 461-73.

HUYGENS, Robert B. C., “Guillaume de Tyr étudiant: un chapître (XIX, 12) de son Histoire retrouvé”, Latomus 21 (1962), 811-29.

KAZHDAN, Alexander; ZABOROV, M. A.,  “Гийом Тирский о составе господствующего класса в Византии (конец XI-XII в.)”, Vizantiiskii Vremmenik 32 (1971), 48-54.

KREY, August C., “William of Tyre: The making of an historian in the Middle Ages”, Speculum 16 (1941), 149-66.

MAYER, Hans Eberhard, “Guillaume de Tyr à l’école”, Mémoires de l’Académie des sciences, arts et belles-lettres de Dijon 117 (1985-86), 257-65.

MAYER, Hans Eberhard, “Zum Tode von Wilhelm von Tyrus”, Archiv für Diplomatik 5-6 (1959-60), 182-201.

MÖHRING, Hannes, “Zu der Geschichte der orientalischen Herrscher des Wilhelm von Tyrus: Die Frage der Quellenabhängigkeiten”, Mittellateinisches Jahr­buch 19 (1984), 170-83.

RÖDIG, Thomas, Zur politischen Ideenwelt Wilhelms von Tyrus (Frankfurt am Main: Peter Lang, 1990).

SCHWINGES, R., Kreuzzugsideologie und Toleranz: Studien zu Wilhelm von Tyrus (Stuttgart: Hierse­mann, 1977).

VESSEY, David W.T.C., “William of Tyre and the art of historiography”, Mediaeval Studies 35 (1973), 433-55.

2.1.16. OTHER

Metellus von Tegernsee, Expeditio Hierosolymitana, ed. Peter C. JACOBSEN (Stutt­gart: Hiersemann, 1982).

DUPARC-QUIOC, Suzanne,  “Un poème latin du XIIIe siècle sur la première croisade par Gilon de Toucy, augmenté par Fulco”, Les Epopées de la Croisade, pp. 35-49.

FRANCE, John, “The text of the account of the capture of Jerusalem in the Ripoll Manuscript: Bibliothèque nationale (latin) 5128”, English Historical Review 103 (1988), 640-57.

GROCOCK, Chris W., “L’aventure épique: Le traitement poétique de la Première Croisade par Gilon de Paris et son continuateur”, in Autour de la Première Croisade, pp. 17-28.

2.1.17. DOCUMENTS

BULL, Marcus, “The diplomatic of the First Crusade”, in The First Crusade: Origins and Impact, pp. 35-54.

HAGENMEYER, Heinrich, “Der Brief der Kreuzfahrer an den Pabst und die abend­­ländische Kirche im Jahre 1099 nach der Schlacht bei Askalon”, Forschungen zur deutschen Geschichte 13 (1873), 400-12.

HAGENMEYER, Heinrich, Epistulae et chartae ad historiam primi belli sacrae spectantes: Die Kreuzzugssbriefe aus den Jahren 1088-1100 (Innsbruck: Wagner’sche Universitäts-Buchhandlung, 1901).

MARTÍNEZ GÁZQUEZ, José, “Aciebus ordinatis en la Epist. II A. de Ribodimonte ad M. archiep. Remorum del manuscrito 944 de la Biblioteca de Cataluña”, Medievalia 9 (1990), 161-67.

MAYER, Hans Eberhard, Die Kanzlei der lateinischen Könige von Jerusalem, MGH Schriften, 2 vols (Hannover: Hahn, 1996).

2.2. GREEK SOURCES

2.2.1. ANNA KOMNENE

Алексиада, trans. Ya. N. LYUBARSKII (Moskva: Nauka, 1965).

Ana Comnena, La Alexiada: Estudio preliminar y traducción, trans. Emilio DÍAZ ROLANDO (Sevilla: Editorial Universidad de Sevilla, 1989).

Anna Komnene, Alexias, trans. Diether Roderich REINSCH (Köln: DuMont, 1996).

Anne Comnène, Alexiade, trans. Bernard LEIB, 3 vols (Paris: Les Belles Lettres, 1937-76).

The Alexiad of Anna Comnena, trans. E. R. A. SEWTER (Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1969).

The Alexiade of the Princess Anna Comnena, trans. Elizabeth A. S. DAWES (London: Kegan Paul, 1928).

BALDWIN, Barry, “Bohemond’s breathing”, Byzantine and Modern Greek Studies 15 (1991), 314-16 [on phraseology applied to Bohemond by Anna Komnene].

BOMPAIRE, Jean, “Remarques sur la culture antique d'Anne Comnène”, Revue des études islamiques 54 for 1986 (1988), 67-76.

BUCKLER, Georgina, Anna Comnena: A Study (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1929).

CHRYSOSTOMIDES, Julian, “A Byzantine historian: Anna Comnena”, in Medieval Historical Writing in the Christian and Islamic Worlds, ed. David O. MORGAN (London: School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London, 1982), pp. 30-46.

CONCA, Fabrizio, “Aspetti tradizionali nella tecnica storiografica di Anna Comnena”, Acme 33 (1980), 139-48.

DYCK, A. R., “Iliad and Alexiad: Anna Comnena’s Homeric reminiscences”, Greek, Roman and Byzantine Studies 27 (1986), 113-20.

FRANCE, John, “Anna Comnena, the Alexiad and the First Crusade”, Reading Medieval Studies 10 (1984), 20-38.

GOUMA-PETERSON, Thalia, “Engendered category or recognizable life: Anna Komnene and her Alexiad”, Byzantinische Forschungen 23 (1996), 25-34.

HILL, Barabara, “A vindication of the rights of women to power by Anna Komnene”, Byzantinische Forschungen 23 (1996), 45-53.

HOWARD-JOHNSTON, James, “Anna Komnene and the Alexiad”, in Alexios I Komnenos, ed. Margaret MULLETT and Dion SMYTHE (Belfast: Belfast Byzantine Enterprises, 1996), pp. 260-302 [on the contribution of Nikephoros Bryennius to the Alexiad]

JUREWICZ, Oktawiusz, “Anne Komnene - Kronprinzessin und Schrift­stellerin”, in Griechenland - Byzanz - Europa. Ein Studien­­­band, ed. Joachim HERRMANN, Helga KÖPSTEIN and Reimar MÜLLER (Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, 1985), pp. 50-60.

KAMBYLIS, A., “Textkritisches zum 15. Buch der Alexias der Anna Komnene”, Jahrbuch der Österreichischen Byzantinistik 19 (1970), 121-34.

LILIE, Ralph-Johannes, “Anna Komnene und die Lateiner”, Byzantino­slavica 54 (1993), 169-82.

LILIE, Ralph-Johannes, “Der erste Kreuzzug in der Darstellung Anna Komnenes”, in Varia II: Beiträge von A. Berger et al., Poikila Byzantina, 6 (Bonn: R. Habelt, 1987), pp. 49-148.

LOUD, Graham A., “Anna Komnena and her sources for the Normans of southern Italy”, in Church and Chronicle in the Middle Ages: Essays Presented to John Taylor, ed. Ian WOOD and Graham A. LOUD (London: Hambledon, 1991), pp. 41-57.

LYUBARSKII, Ya. N., “Why is the Alexiad a masterpiece of Byzantine literature?”, in Leimwn: Studies Presented to Lennart Rydén on his Sixty-Fifth Birthday, ed. J. O. ROSENQVIST (Uppsala: Almqvist & Wiksell, 1996), pp. 127-41.

REINSCH, Diether R., “Die editio princeps eines Auszugs aus der Alexias Anna Komnenes aus dem Jahr 1562: ein unabhängiger Überlieferungsträger”, Byzantin­ische Zeitschrift 84-85 for 1991-1992 (1993),  12-16.

REINSCH, Diether R., “Zur literarischen Leistung der Anna Komnene”, in Leimwn: Studies Presented to Lennart Rydén on his Sixty-Fifth Birthday, pp. 113-25.

SHLOSSER, F. E., “Byzantine studies and the history of the crusade: The Alexiad of Anna Comnena as source for the crusades”, Byzantinische Forschungen 15 (1990), 397-406.

SKOULATOS, B., Les personnages byzantins de l’Alexiade. Analyse prosopo­graph­ique et synthèse (Leuven: Nauwelaerts, 1980).

SMYTHE, Dion, “Alexios I and the heretics: the account of Anna Komnene’s Alexiad”, in Alexios I Komnenos, ed. Margaret MULLETT and Dion SMYTHE (Belfast: Belfast Byzantine Enterprises, 1996), pp. 232-59.

TAKÁCS, Sarolta A., “Oracles and science - Anna Comnena’s comments on astrology”, Byzantinische Forschungen 23 (1996), 35-44.

THOMAS, R. D., “Anna Comnena's account of the First Crusade: History and politics in the reigns of the emperors Alexius I and Manuel I Comnenus”, Byzantine and Modern Greek Studies 15 (1991), 269-312 .

2.2.2. JOHN ZONARAS

TRAPP, Erich, Militärs und Höflinge im Ringen um das Kaisertum: Byzantinische Geschichte von 969 bis 1118 nach der Chronik des Johannes Zonaras (Graz: Styria, 1986).

2.3. HEBREW SOURCES

The Jews and the Crusaders: The Hebrew Chronicles of the First and Second Crusades, ed. Shlomo EIDELBERG (Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1977).

ABULAFIA, Anna  Sapir, “The interrelationship between the Hebrew chronicles on the First Crusade”, Journal of Semitic Studies 27 (1982), 221-39.

CHAZAN, Robert, “The Hebrew First Crusade chronicles”, Revue des études juives 133 (1974), 235-54.

CHAZAN, Robert, “The First Crusade as reflected in the earliest Hebrew narrative”, Viator 29 (1998), 25-38.

COHEN, Jeremy, “Gzeirot tatnav - ha-meorat ve-ha-alihot: sipurei kiddush ha-shem be-heksheram ha-tarbuti-hevreti” [The persecutions of 1096 - from martyrdom to martyrology: The socio­cultural context of the Hebrew crusade chronicles], Zion 59 (1994), 169-208.

OBERWEIS, Michael, “Übersetzungsprobleme in den hebräischen Kreuzzugsberichten” Aschkenas 7 (1997), 441-52.

See also Schiffmann 1931 (5.3)

2.4. ARMENIAN SOURCES

Chronique de Matthieu d’Edesse (962-1136) avec la continuation de Grégoire le Prétre jusqu’en 1162, trans. Edouard DULAURIER (Paris: A. Durand, 1858).

Matthieu d’Edessa, Récit de la première croisade, RHC Historiens Arméniens 1: 24-150.

DOSTOURIAN, Ara E., Armenia and the Crusades, Tenth to Twelfth Centuries: The Chronicle of Matthew of Edessa (Lanham: University Press of America, 1993) [English translation of Matthew’s chronicle].

See also Lüders 1964 (2.5.1)

2.5. SYRIAC SOURCES

2.5.1. GENERAL

LÜDERS, Anneliese, Die Kreuzzüge im Urteil syrischer und armenischer Quellen (Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, 1964).

MOOSA, Matti, “A sketch of Syriac sources on the crusades”, in The Crusades: Other Experiences, Alternate Perspectives, pp. 47-58.

2.5.2. ANONYMOUS SYRIAC CHRONICLE

Anonymi auctoris chronicon ad. A.C. 1234 pertinens, trans. Albert ABOUNA and J.M. FIEY (Louvain: Peeters, 1974).

“The First and Second Crusades from an Anonymous Syriac Chronicle”, ed. and trans. A. S. TRITTON and Hamilton A. R. GIBB, Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society 92 (1933), 69-102, 273-306.

2.5.3. BAR HEBRAEUS

The Chronography of Gregory Abu’l Faraj ... Commonly Known as Bar Hebraeus, trans. Ernest A. Wallis BUDGE, 2 vols (London: Oxford University Press, 1932).

TEULE, Herman, “The crusaders in Barhebraeus’ Syriac and Arabic secular chronicles: A different approach”, in East and West in the Crusader States: Context - Contacts - Confrontations, ed. Krijnie CIGGAAR, Adelbert DAVIDS and Herman TEULE (Leuven: Uitgeverij Peeters, 1996), pp. 39-49.

2.5.4. MICHAEL THE SYRIAN

Chronique de Michel le Syrien, patriarche jacobite d’Antioche (1166-1199), éditée par la première fois et traduite en français, ed. and trans. J-B. CHABOT, 4 vols (Paris: Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres, 1899-1910).

2.6. ARABIC SOURCES

2.6.1. GENERAL

CAHEN, Claude, “The historiography of the Seljuqid period”, in Historians of the Middle East, pp. 59-78.

FAKHRY, Fajid, ”, in The Crusades: Other Experiences, Alternate Perspectives, pp. 59-68.

GABRIELI, Francesco, Arab Historians of the Crusades (London: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1969).

GABRIELI, Francesco, “The Arabic historiography of the crusades”, in Historians of the Middle East, pp. 98-107.

GABRIELI, Francesco, Die Kreuzzüge aus arabischer Sicht (Zürich: Artemis, 1973).

GABRIELI, Francesco, Storici Arabi delle crociate (Torino: Einaudi, 1957).

GIBB, Hamilton A. R., “Notes on the Arabic materials for the history of the early crusades”, Bulletin of the School of Oriental Studies 7 (1933-35), 738-54.

HILLENBRAND, Carole, “The First Crusade: The Muslim perspective”, in The First Crusade: Origins and Impact, pp. 130-41.

ROSENTHAL, Franz, A History of Muslim Historiography (Leiden: Brill, 1952; rev. edn 1968).

See also Cahen 1940 (5.6.)

2.6.2. IBN AL-ATHIR

Extrait de la chronique intitulée Kamel-Altevarykh par Ibn-Alatyr, RHC Historiens Orientaux 1: 187-800, 2: 1-180.

2.6.3. IBN AL-QALANISI

The Damascus Chronicle of the Crusades, extracted and translated from the Chronicle of Ibn al-Qalanisi, trans. Hamilton A. R. GIBB (London: Luzac, 1932).

Damas de 1075 à 1154: Traduction … d’un fragment de l’Histoire d’Ibn al-Qalanisi, trans. Roger LE TOURNEAU (Damascus: Institut français de Damas, 1952).

2.6.4. KAMAL AL-DIN

Extraits de la chronique d’Alep par Kemal ed-Dîn, RHC Historiens Orientaux 3: 571-690.

3. ORIGINS OF THE CRUSADE

3.1. THE MIDDLE EAST

3.1.1. GENERAL

ASHTOR, Eliyahu, A Social and Economic History of the Near East in the Middle Ages (London, 1976).

ATIYA, Aziz S., A History of Eastern Christianity (London: Methuen, 1968).

CAHEN, Claude, Introduction à l’histoire du monde musulman médiévale (Paris: Maisonneuve, 1982).

CAHEN, Claude, “La campagne de Mantzikert d’après les sources musulmans”, Byzantion 9 (1934), 628-42.

DAJANI-SHAKEEL, Hadia, “Jerusalem: In the prayers of Islam”, Queen’s Quarterly 103 (1996), 717-27.

DURI, Abdul Aziz, “Jerusalem in the early Islamic period, 7th-11th centuries AD”, in Jerusalem in History, ed. K. J. ASALI (New York: Olive Branch Press, 1990), pp. 105-29, 281-83.

FRIENDLY, Alfred, The Dreadful Day: The Battle of Mantzikert, 1071 (London: Hutchinson, 1981).

GIL, Moshe, “The Jewish quarters of Jerusalem (A.D. 638-1099) according to the Cairo Geniza documents and other sources”, Journal of Near Eastern Studies 41 (1982), 261-78.

HILLENBRAND, Carole, “1092: A murderous year”, The Arabist: Budapest Studies in Arabic 15-16 (1995), 281-96 [discusses the destabilising effects of the murders of key leaders in the Muslim world].

HOLT, Peter M., The Age of the Crusades: The Near East from the 11th Century to 1517 (London: Longman, 1986).

PLANK, P., “Patriarch Symeon II. von Jerusalem und der erste Kreuzzug: Eine quellenkritische Untersuchung”, Ostkirchliche Studien 43 (1994), 275-327.

TALHAMI, Ghada, “Jerusalem in the Muslim consciousness”, The Muslim World 86 (1996), 229-242.

VRYONIS, Speros, Jr., The Decline of Medieval Hellenism in Asia Minor and the Process of Islamization from the Eleventh through the Fifteenth Century (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1971).

VRYONIS, Speros, Jr., “The experience of Christians under Seljuk and Ottoman domination, eleventh to sixteenth century”, in Conversion and Continuity: Indigenous Christian Communities in Islamic Lands, Eighth to Eighteenth Centuries, ed. Michael GERVERS and Ramzi Jibran BIKHAZI (Toronto: Pontifical Institute, 1990), 185-216.

3.1.2. ARMENIA

ARUTYUNOVA-FIDANYAN, Viada A., “Етно-конфессиональное самосознание армяно-византийской знати в XI-XII веках”, in Елита и етнос Средневековья, ed. Adelaida A. SVANIDZE (Moskva: Institut vseobshchei Istorii, 1995), pp. 178-88.

ARUTYUNOVA-FIDANYAN [given as Arutjunova-Fidanjan], Viada A., “The ethno-confessional self-awareness of Armenian Chalcedonians”, Revue des études arméniennes, n.s. 21 (1988-89), 345-63.

CHARANIS, Peter, The Armenians in the Byzantine Empire (Lisbon: Livraria Bertrand, 1963).

DÉDÉYAN, Gérard, “L’immigration arménienne en Cappadoce au XIe siècle”, Byzantion 45 (1975), 41-117.

DÉDÉYAN, Gérard, “Les princes arméniennes de l’Euphratèse et l’empire byzantin (fin XIe - milieu XIIe s.), in L’Arménie et Byzance: Histoire et culture (Paris: Publications de la Sorbonne, 1996), pp. 79-88.

FORSE, James H., “Armenians and the First Crusade”, Journal of Medieval History 17 (1991), 13-22 .

LAURENT, J., “Des Grecs aux croisés: Etude sur l’histoire d’Edesse entre 1071 et 1098”, Byzantion 1 (1924), 367-449.

SEGAL, Judah B., Edessa, the Blessed City (Oxford: Clarendon, 1970).

SHARF, Andrew, “Armenians and Byzantines in the time of Alexius I Comnenus”, in Bar-Ilan Studies in History II: Confrontation and Coexistence, ed. Pinhas ARTZI (Ramat-Gan: Bar-Ilan University Press, 1984), pp. 101-22.

3.1.3. BYZANTIUM (see also 5.4)

Alexios I Komnenos, ed. Margaret MULLETT and Dion SMYTHE (Belfast: Belfast Byzantine Enterprises, 1996).

ANGOLD, Michael, Church and Society in Byzantium under the Comneni, 1081-1261 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1995).

ANGOLD, Michael, The Byzantine Empire, 1025-1204: A Political History (London: Longman, 1984).

ANGOLD, Michael, “The Byzantine state on the eve of the battle of Manikert”, Byzantinische Forschungen 16 (1991), 9-34.

ARUTYUNOVA-FIDANYAN [given as Arutjunova-Fidanjan], Viada A., “Some aspects of the military-administrative districts and of Byzantine admin­istration in Armenia during the 11th century”, Revue des études armén­iennes, n.s. 20 (1986-87), 309-20.

CAHEN, Claude, “La diplomatie orientale de Byzance face à la poussée seldjukide”, Byzantion 35 (1965), 10-15.

CHALANDON, Ferdinand, Essai sur le règne d’Alexis Ier Comnène (1081-1118) (Paris: Ecole des Chartes, 1900).

CHARANIS, Peter, “The Byzantine empire in the eleventh century”, in A History of the Crusades, ed. SETTON, 1: 177-219.

CHEYNET, Jean-Claude, Pouvoir et contestations à Byzance (963-1210) (Paris: Publications de la Sorbonne, 1990).

CHEYNET, Jean-Claude, “Mantzikert, un désastre militaire?”, Byzantion 50 (1980), 412-38.

EICKHOFF, Ekkehard, “Zur Wende von Manzikert”, in Das Andere wahrnehmen: Beiträge zur europäischen Geschichte, ed. Martin KINTZINGER, Wolfgang STÜRNER and Johannes ZAHLTEN (Köln: Böhlau, 1991), pp. 101-19.

HEAD, Constance, “Alexios Komnenos and the English”, Byzantion 47 (1977), 186-98.

HROCHOVÁ, Vera, “Byzance et les turcs seljoukides 1071-1204. Aspects socio-économiques”, Byzantinoslavica 54 (1993), 142-46.

KULOGLU, Abdullah, “The battle of Malazgirt and the Turkish expansion in Anatolia”, Revue internationale d’histoire militaire 46 (1980), 1-14.

LILIE, Ralph-Johannes, “Des Kaisers Macht und Ohnmacht: Zum Zerfall der Zentral­gewalt in Byzanz vor dem Zweiten Kreuzzug”, in Varia I: Beiträge von Ralph-Johannes Lilie und Paul Speck, Poikila Byzantina, 4 (Bonn: Habelt, 1984), pp. 9-120.

LOUNGHIS, T., “The failure of the German-Byzantine alliance on the eve of the First Crusade”, Diptycha 1 (1979), 158-67.

MAGDALINO, Paul, The Byzantine Background to the First Crusade, (Toronto: Canadian Institute of Balkan Studies, 1996)

McQUEEN, William B., “Relations between the Normans and Byzantium 1071-1112”, Byzantion 56 (1986), 427-76.

MULLETT, Margaret, “Alexios I Komnenos and imperial renewal”, in New Constan­tines: The Rhythm of Imperial Renewal in Byzantium, 4th-13th Centuries. Papers from the Twenty-Sixth Spring Symposium of Byzantine Studies, St Andrews, March 1992, ed. Paul MAGDALINO (Aldershot: Variorum, 1994), pp. 259-67.

VRYONIS, Spiros, Jr., “Byzantium, the social basis for decline in the eleventh century”, Greek, Roman and Byzantine Studies 2 (1959), 159-75.

3.1.4. FATIMIDS

BESHIR, B. J., “Fatimid military organization”, Der Islam 55 (1978), 37-56.

LEV, Yaacov, “Regime, army and society in medieval Egypt, 9th-12th centuries”, War and Society in the Eastern Mediterranean, 7th-15th Centuries, pp. 115-52.

LEV, Yaacov, State and Society in Fatimid Egypt (Leiden: Brill, 1991).

LEWIS, Bernard, “The Isma’ilites and the Assassins”, in A History of the Crusades, ed. SETTON, 1: 99-132.

3.1.5. SELJUKS

AGADZHANOV, Sergei G., Государство Селджукидов и Средняя Азия в XI-XII веках (Moskva: Nauka, 1991).

AGADZHANOV [given as Agadshanow], Sergei G., Der Staat der Seldschukiden und Mittelasien im 11-12. Jahrhundert (Berlin: Reinhold Schletzer, 1994).

CAHEN, Claude, “La première pénétration turque en Asie Mineure (seconde moitié du XIe s.), Byzantion 18 (1948), 5-67.

CAHEN, Claude, Pre-Ottoman Turkey: A General Survey of the Material and Spiritual Culture and History, c. 1071-1330 (London: Sidgwick and Jackson, 1968).

CAHEN, Claude, La Turquie pré-ottomane (Istanbul: Divit, 1988).

CAHEN, Claude, “The Turkish invasion: The Selchükids”, in A History of the Crusades, ed. SETTON, 1: 135-76.

CANARD, M., “La campagne arménienne du Sultan salguqide Alp Arslan et la prise d’Ani en 1064”, Revue des études arméniennes, n.s. 2 (1965), 239-59.

EDDÉ, Anne-Marie, “Ridwan, prince d’Alep de 1095 à 1113”, Revue des études islamiques 54 for 1986 (1988), 101-25.

KULOGLU, Abdullah, “The Anatolian Seljuk state (1077-1308)”, Revue inter­nationale d’histoire militaire 46 (1980), 15-30.

3.1.6. OTHER

HODGSON, Marshall G. S., The Order of Assassins: The Struggle of the Early Nizari Ismailis Against the Islamic World (‘s-Gravenhage: Mouton, 1955).

LEWIS, Bernard, The Assassins: A Radical Sect in Islam (London: Weidenfeld and Nicholson, 1967).

See also Lewis (3.1.4).

3.2. CRUSADING IDEOLOGY

3.2.1. GENERAL

BLAKE, Ernest O., “The formation of the ‘crusade idea’”, Journal of Eccles­iastical History 21 (1970), 11-31.

BRUNDAGE, James A., “The army of the First Crusade and the crusade vow: Some reflections on a recent book”, Medieval Studies 33 (1971), 334-43.

BRUNDAGE, James A., Medieval Canon Law and the Crusader (Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1969).

COLE, Penny, “O God, the heathen have come into your inheritance (Ps. 78.1): The theme of religious pollution in crusade documents, 1095-1188”, in Crusaders and Muslims in Twelfth-Century Syria, pp. 84-111.

COLE, Penny, The Preaching of the Crusades to the Holy Land, 1095-1270 (Cambridge, Mass.: Medieval Academy of America, 1991).

COWDREY, Herbert E. J, “Canon law and the First Crusade”, in The Horns of Hattin, pp. 41-48.

COWDREY, Herbert E. J., “Cluny and the First Crusade”, Revue bénédictine 73 (1973), 285-311.

DANIEL, Norman, “The legal and political theory of the crusade”, in  A History of the Crusades, ed. SETTON, 6: 3-38.

DANIEL, Norman, “Crusade propaganda”, in A History of the Crusades, ed. SETTON, 6: 39-97.

ERDMANN, Carl, Die Entstehung des Kreuzzugsgedankens (Stuttgart: Kohlhammer, 1935).

ERDMANN, Carl, The Origin of the Idea of Crusade (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1977).

FLORI, Jean, “Croisade et chevalerie. Convergence idéologique ou rupture?”, in Femmes. Mariages - Lignages, XIIe-XIVe siècles. Melanges offert à Georges Duby, ed. Jean DUFOURNET et al. (Bruxelles: De Boeck-Wesmael, 1992), pp. 157-76.

GILCHRIST, John T., “The Erdmann thesis and canon law, 1083-1141”, in Crusade and  Settlement, pp. 37-45.

GRABOIS, Aryeh, “Anselme, l’Ancien Testament et l’idée de croisade”, in Les Mutations socio-culturelles au tournant des XIe-XIIe siècles (Paris: C.N.R.S., 1984), pp. 161-173, 197-200.

 HEHL, Ernst-Dieter, “Was ist eigentlich ein Kreuzzug?”, Historische Zeitschrift 259 (1994), 297-336.

 HIESTAND, Rudolf, “Der Kreuzzug - ein Traum?”, in Traum und Träumen: Inhalt - Darstellung - Funktionen einer Lebens­erfahrung in Mittelalter und Renaissance, ed. Rudolf HIESTAND (Düsseldorf: Droste, 1994), 153-85.

LACROIX, Benoît, “Deus le volt! La théologie d’un cri”, in Etudes de civilisation médiévale (IXe-XIIe siècles): Mélanges offerts à Edmond-René Labande (Poitiers: CESCM, 1974): pp. 461-70.

SIBERRY, Elizabeth, Criticism of Crusading, 1095-1274 (Oxford: Clarendon, 1985).

TYERMAN, Christopher J., “Were there any crusades in the twelfth century?”, English Historical Review 110 (1995), 553-77.

VAUGHN, Sally N., “Anselm in Italy, 1097-1100”, in Anglo-Norman Studies, XVI: Proceedings of the Battle Conference, 1993, ed. Marjorie CHIBNALL  (Wood­bridge: Boydell & Brewer, 1994), pp. 245-70 .

3.2.2. HOLY WAR

CARDINI, Franco, “La guerra santa nella cristianità”, in "Militia Christi” e Crociata nei secoli XI-XIII, pp. 387-401.

COWDREY, Herbert E. J., “The genesis of the crusades: The springs of western ideas of holy war”, in The Holy War, ed. Thomas P. MURPHY (Columbus: Ohio State University Press, 1976), pp. 9-32.

FLORI, Jean, “L'église et la guerre sainte de la ‘Paix de Dieu’ à la ‘croisade’”, Annales ESC 47 (1992), 453-66.

GILCHRIST, John T., “The Papacy and the war against the ‘Saracens’, 795-1216”, International History Review 10 (1988), 174-97.

KEDAR, Benjamin Z., “Croisade et jihad vus par l’ennemi: une étude des perceptions mutuelles des motivations”, in Autour de la Première Croisade, pp. 345-58.

KOLBABA, Tia M., “Fighting for Christianity: Holy War in the Byzantine empire”, Byzantion 68 (1998), 194-221.

McCORMICK, Michael, “Liturgie et guerre des Carolingiens à la première croisade”, in "Militia Christi" e Crociata nei secoli XI-XIII, pp. 209-40.

McGINN, Bernard, “Violence and spirituality: The enigma of the First Crusade”, Journal of Religion 69 (1989), 375-79.

PARTNER, Peter, God of Battles: Holy Wars of Christianity and Islam (London: Harper Collins, 1997).

PARTNER, Peter, “Holy war, crusade and jihad: an attempt to define some problems”, in Autour de la Première Croisade, pp. 333-43.

RUSSELL, Frederick H., The Just War in the Middle Ages (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1975).

See also Möhring 1988 (1.2)

3.2.3. PILGRIMAGE

DAVIES, J.G., “Pilgrimage and crusading literature”, in Journeys Toward God: Pilgrim­age and Crusade, ed. Barbara N. SARGENT-BAUR (Kalamazoo: Medieval Institute Publications, 1992), pp. 1-30.

FRANK, Robert Worth, Jr., “Pilgrimage and sacral power”, in Journeys Toward God, pp. 31-43.

RUNCIMAN, Steven, “The pilgrimages to Palestine before 1095”, in A History of the Crusades, ed. SETTON, 1: 68-78.

WILKINSON, John, Jerusalem Pilgrims before the Crusades (War­minster: Aris & Phillips, 1977).

3.2.4. JERUSALEM

AUFFARTH, Christoph, “Himmlisches und irdisches Jerusalem. Ein religions­wissen­schaftlicher Versuch zur Kreuzzugseschatologie”, Zeitschrift für Religions­wissen­schaft 1/1 (1993), 25-49, 1/2 (1993), 91-118.

CALLAHAN, Daniel F., “Jerusalem in the monastic imagination of the early eleventh centuiry”, Haskins Society Journal 6 (1994), 119-27.

DELUZ, Christiane, “L’accomplissement des temps à Jérusalem”, in Fin des temps et temps de la fin dans l’univers médiéval (Aix-en-Provence: Centre Universitaire d’Etudes et de Recherches Médiévales d’Aix, 1993), pp. 87-198 .

FRANCE, John, “The destruction of Jerusalem and the First Crusade”, Journal of Ecclesiastical History 47 (1996), 1-17.

HAMILTON, Bernard, “The impact of crusader Jerusalem on Western Christendom”, Catholic Historical Review 80 (1994), 695-713.

HAUZINSKI, Jerzy, “Jerozolima: Doczesna czy mistyczna stolica regnum Davidicum sredniowiecza”, in Jerozolima w kulturze europejskiej / Jerusalem in European Culture, ed. Piotr PASZKIEWICZ and Tadeusz ZADROZNY (Warszawa: Instytut Historii Sztuki Polskiej), pp. 73-82.

KATZIR, Yael, “The conquests of Jerusalem, 1099 and 1187: Historical memory and religious typology”, in The Meeting of Two Worlds, pp. 103-13.

KONRAD, Robert, “Das himmlische und das irdische Jerusalem im mittel­alterlichen Denken: Mystische Vorstellung und geschichtliche Wirkung”, in Speculum Historiale: Geschichte im Spiegel von Geschichts­schreibung und Geschichts­deutung, ed. Clemens BAUER, Laetitia BOEHM and Max MÜLLER (Freiburg: Karl Alber, 1965).

OSBORNE, John, “A tale of two cities: Sacred geography in Christian Jerusalem”, Queen’s Quarterly 103 (1996), 741-50.

PRAWER, Joshua, “The Jerusalem the crusaders captured: A contribution to the medieval topography of the city”, in Crusade and Settlement, pp. 1-16.

SCHEIN, Sylvia, “Jérusalem: objectif originel de la Première Croisade?”, in Autour de la Première Croisade, pp. 119-26.

See also  Duri (3.1.1), Gil (3.1.1), Plank 1994 (3.1.1), Cowdrey 1995 (3.2)

3.2.5. ATTITUDES TO ISLAM

d’ALVERNY, Marie-Thérèse, “La connaissance de l’Islam en Occident du IXe au milieu du XII siècle”, in L’Occidente e l’Islam nell’Alto Medioevo, 2 vols (Spoleto: Presso la Sede del Centro, 1965), pp. 577-602.

BENNETT, Matthew, “First Crusaders’ images of Muslims: The influence of vernacular poetry?”, Forum for Modern Language Studies 22 (1986), 101-22.

DANIEL, Norman, Islam and the West: The Making of an Image (Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 1960).

FLORI, Jean, “La caricature de l’Islam dans l’Occident médiéval. Origine et signification de quelques stéréotypes concernant l’Islam”, Aevum 66 (1992), 245-256.

GAUSS, J., “Toleranz und Intoleranz zwischen Christen und Muslimen in der Zeit vor den Kreuzzügen”, Saeculum 19 (1968), 362-89.

HILL, Rosalind, “The Christian view of the Muslims at the time of the First Crusade”, in The Eastern Mediterranean Lands in the Period of the Crusades, ed. P. M. HOLT (Warminster: Aris & Phillips, 1977), pp. 1-8.

KEDAR, Benjamin Z., Crusade and Mission: European Approaches toward the Muslims (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1984).

SOUTHERN, Richard W., Western Views of Islam in the Middle Ages (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1962).

See also Levine 1989 (2.1.8)

3.3. URBAN II AND THE COUNCIL OF CLERMONT

BECKER, Alfons, “Urbain II, pape de la croisade”, in Les Champenois et la Croisade. Actes des IVe Journées rémoises, 27-28 novembre 1987, ed. Yvonne BELLENGER and Danielle QUÉRUEL (Paris: Aux Amateurs de Livres, 1989), pp. 9-17.

BECKER, Alfons, Papst Urban II. (1088-1099), 2 vols (Stuttgart: Hierse­mann, 1964-88).

BEECH, George T., “Urban II, the abbey of Saint-Florent of Saumur, and the First Crusade”, in Autour de la Première Croisade, pp. 57-70.

CAPITANI, Ovidio, “Sondaggio sulla terminologia militare in Urbano II”, in "Militia Christi" e Crociata nei secoli XI-XII, pp. 167-92.

COWDREY, Herbert E. J., “Pope Urban II and the idea of crusade”, Studi medievali ser. 3, 36 (1995), 721-42.

COWDREY, Herbert E. J., “The papacy and the origins of crusading”, Medieval History 1 (1991), 48-60.

COWDREY, Herbert E.J., “The reform papacy and the origin of the crusades”, in Le Concile de Clermont de 1095 et l’appel à la croisade, pp. 65-83.

CROZET, René, “Le voyage d’Urbain II en France (1095-96) et son importance du point de vue archéologique”, Annales du Midi 49 (1937), 42-69.

CROZET, René, “Le voyage d’Urbain II et ses négotiations avec le clergé de France (1095-1096), Revue historique 179 (1937), 271-310.

DUNCALF, Frederic, “The councils of Piacenza and Clermont”, in A History of the Crusades, ed. SETTON, 1: 220-52.

DUNCALF, “The pope’s plan for the First Crusade”, in The Crusades and Other Historical Essays, pp. 44-56.

FLICHE, Augustin, “Urbain II et la croisade”, Revue d’histoire de l’église de France 13 (1927), 289-306.

FLORI, Jean, “Une ou plusieurs ‘première croisade’? Le message d’Urbain II et les plus anciens pogroms d’Occident”, Revue historique 285 (1991), 3-27.

FLORI, Jean, “Réforme, reconquista, croisade. L’idée de reconquête dans la correspondance pontificale d’Alexandre II à Urbain II”, Cahiers de Civilisation Médiévale 40 (1997), 317-35.

FORNASARI, Giuseppe, “Tra assestamento disciplinare e consolidamento istit­uzion­ale: un’interpretazione del pontificato di Urbano II”, in Regensburg, Bayern und Europa: Festschrift für Kurt Reindel zu seinem 70. Geburtstag, ed. Lothar KOLMER and Peter SEGL (Regensburg: Universitätsverlag, 1995), pp. 213-28.

FRAY, Jean-Luc, “Clermont en 1095”, in Le Concile de Clermont de 1095 et l’appel à la croisade, pp. 9-21.

HIESTAND, Rudolf, “Les canons de Clermont et d’Antioche sur l’organisation ecclés­ias­tique des Etats croisés: Authentiques ou faux?, in Autour de la Première Croisade, pp. 29-37.

KREY, August C., “Urban’s crusade, success or failure?”, American Historical Review 53 (1948), 235-50.

MAIER, Christoph T., “Konflikt und Kommunikation; Neus zum Kreuzzugsaufruf Urbans II.”, in Jerusalem im Hoch- und Spätmittelalter, pp. 13-30.

MATZKE, Michael, “De origine Hospitalorum Hierosolymitanorum - vom klöster­­lichen Pilgerhospital zur internationalen Organi­sation”, Journal of Medieval History 22 (1996), 1-23 [argues that Urban II planned the creation of a hospice in Jerusalem].

MUNRO, Dana C., “The speech of Pope Urban II at Clermont, 1095”, American Historical Review 11 (1905-6), 231-42.

PAHLITZSCH, Johannes, “Die Idee von der liberatio orientalium ecclesiarum bei Urban II.”, in Miszellen aus dem Schülerkreis: Kaspar Elm dargebracht zum 23. September 1994 (Berlin: Friedrich-Meinecke-Institut, 1994), pp. 13-23.

PORTER, J. M. B., “Preacher of the First Crusade? Robert of Arbrissel after the Council of Clermont”, in From Clermont to Jerusalem, pp. 43-53.

RICHARD, Jean, “La chrétienté latine et l’Orient aux XIe et XIIe s.”, Etudes d'histoire for 1991-1992 (1994), 19-33 .

RICHARD, Jean, “Urbain II, la prédication de la croisade et la définition de l’indulgence”, in Deus qui mutat tempora: Menschen und Institutionen im Wandel des Mittelalters. Festschrift für Alfons Becker zu seinem fünfund­sech­zigsten Geburts­tag, ed. Ernst-Dieter HEHL, Hubertus SEIBERT and Franz STAAB (Sigmaringen: Thorbecke, 1987), pp. 129-35.

SOMERVILLE, Robert, “The French councils of Urban II: some basic considerations”, Annuarium Historiae Conciliorum 2 (1970), 56-65

SOMERVILLE, Robert, “The council of Clermont (1095) and Latin Christian society”, Archivum Historiae Pontificiae 12 (1974), 55-90.

SOMERVILLE, Robert, “The council of Clermont and the First Crusade”, Studia Gratiana 20 (1976), 323-37.

MORILLON, M., “Le voyage d’Urbain II en France, le concile de Clermont et les débuts de la première croisade”, Amis du pays civraisien n.s. 40 (1980), 11-16.

See also Munro 1922 (5.4)

4. COMPOSITION OF THE CRUSADE

4.1. MOTIVATION

BLIESE, John R. E., “The motives of the first crusaders: A social psychological analysis”, Journal of Psychohistory 17 (1990), 393-411.

BULL, Marcus, Knightly Piety and the Lay Response to the First Crusade: The Limousin and Gascony, c. 970-c. 1130 (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1993).

BULL, Marcus, “The roots of lay enthusiasm for the First Crusade”, History 78 (1993), 353-72.

FRANCE, John, “Patronage and the appeal of the First Crusade”, in The First Crusade: Origins and Impact, pp. 5-20.

COMBARIEU, Micheline de, “La terre de repromission”, in Terres médiévales, ed. Bernard RIBÉMONT (Paris: Klincksieck, 1993), pp. 71-100.

McGINN, Bernard, “Iter Sancti Sepulchri: The piety of the first crusaders”, in Essays on Medieval Civilization, ed. Bede K. LACKNER and Kenneth R. PHILIP (Austin: University of Texas Press, 1978), pp. 33-72.

RILEY-SMITH, Jonathan S. C., “The motives of the earliest crusaders and the settlement of Latin Palestine, 1095-1100”, English Historical Review 98 (1983), 721-36.

4.2. RECRUITMENT AND  PARTICIPATION (see also  4.3)

AIRALDI, Gabriella, “I Lombardi alla Prima Crociata”, in I Comuni Italiani nel Regno crociato del Gerusalemme, ed. Gabriella AIRALDI and Benjamin Z. KEDAR (Genova: Università di Genova, 1986), pp. 477-96.

ANDENNA, G., “I Lombardi e la prima crociata”, in Piacenza e la prima crociata, pp. 67-88.

BEECH, George T., “A Norman-Italian adventurer in the East: Richard of Salerno 1097-1112”, in Anglo-Norman Studies, XV: Proceedings of the XV Battle Conference and of the XI Colloquio Medievale of the Officina di Studi Medie­vali, 1992, ed. Marjorie CHIBNALL (Woodbridge: Boydell & Brewer, 1993), pp. 25-40.

DEMOUY, Patrick, “L’Eglise de Reims et la croisade aux XIe-XIIe siècles”, in Les Champenois et la Croisade: Actes des IVe Journées rémoises, 27-28 novembre 1987, ed. Yvonne BELLENGER and Danielle QUÉRUEL (Paris: Aux Amateurs de Livres, 1989), pp. 19-38.

EDGINGTON, Susan, “Pagan Peverel: An Anglo-Norman crusader”, in Crusade and Settlement, pp. 90-93.

FAVREAU-LILIE, Marie-Luise, Die Italiener im Heiligen Lande vom ersten Kreuz­zug bis zum Tode Heinrichs von Champagne (1098-1197) (Amsterdam: Hakkert, 1989).

FIGLIUOLO, Bruno,  “Ancora sui Normanni d’Italia alla prima crociata”, Archivio storico per le province napoletane 104 for 1986 (1988), 1-16.

FLORI, Jean, “Un problème de méthodologie: La valeur des nombres chez les chron­iqueurs du Moyen Age. A propos des effectifs de la Première Croisade”, Le Moyen Age 99 (1993), 399-422 .

GRABOIS, Aryeh, “Anglo-Norman England and the Holy Land”, in Anglo-Norman Studies VII. Proceedings of the Battle Conference 1984, ed. R. Allen BROWN (Woodbridge: Boydell Press, 1985), pp. 132-41.

JAMISON, E. M., “Some notes on the Anonymi Gesta Francorum, with special reference to the Norman contingent from South Italy and Sicily in the First Crusade”, in Studies in French Language and Medieval Literature presented to Professor Mildred K. Pope (Manchester: University of Manchester, 1939), pp. 195-204.

MACQUARRIE, Alan, Scotland and the Crusades, 1095-1560 (Edinburgh: John Donald, 1985).

MOELLER, Charles, “Les flamands du Ternois au royaume latin de Jérusalem”, in Mélanges Paul Fredericq (Bruxelles: H. Lamertin, 1903), pp. 189-202.

MURRAY, Alan V., “The army of Godfrey of Bouillon, 1096-1099: structure and dynamics of a contingent on the First Crusade”, Revue belge de philologie et d'histoire 70 (1992), 301-29.

MURRAY, Alan V., “Questions of nationality in the First Crusade”, Medieval History 1 (1991), 61-73 .

MURRAY, Alan V., “A note on the origin of Eustace Grenier”, Bulletin of the Society for the Study of the Crusades and the Latin East 6 (1986), 28-30.

MURRAY, Alan V., “The origins of the Frankish nobility of the kingdom of Jerusalem, 1100-1118”, Mediterranean Historical Review 4 (1989), 281-300.

PAGNY, Raymond, “Les seigneurs et la seigneurie de Cons-la-Grandville”, Bulletin de l’Association “Les Amis du Vieux Longwy” 5 (1962), 3-9, 74-78 [on the crusader Dudo of Cons].

PONTIERI, Ernesto, “I Normanni dell’Italia meridionale e la Prima Crociata”, Archivio storico italiano 114 (1956), 3-17.

RÖHRICHT, Reinhold, Die Deutschen im Heiligen Lande (Innsbruck: Wagner’sche Universitäts-Buchhandlung, 1894).

ROLAND, C. G., “Les seigneurs et comtes de Rochefort”, Annales de la Société archéologique de Namur 20 (1893), 63-141 [on the crusaders Cono, Gozelo and Lambert of Montaigu]

RILEY-SMITH, Jonathan S. C., “Early crusaders to the East and the costs of crusading”, in Cross Cultural Convergences in the Crusader Period: Essays presented to Aryeh Grabois on his Sixty-Fifth Birthday, ed. Michael GOODICH, Sophia MENACHE and Sylvia SCHEIN (New York: Peter Lang, 1995), pp. 237-58.

RUSSELL, Josiah, “Demographic factors of the crusades”, in The Meeting of Two Worlds, pp. 53-58.

SCHEIN, Sylvia, “Die Kreuzzüge als volkstümlich-messianische Bewegungen”, Deutsches Archiv für Erforschung des Mittel­alters 47 (1991), 119-38.

TYERMAN, Christopher J., England and the Crusades, 1095-1588 (Chicago: Univer­sity of Chicago Press, 1988).

TYERMAN, Christopher J., “Who went on crusades to the Holy Land?”, in The Horns of Hattin, pp. 13-26.

WANKENNE, André, “Les Belges et la croisade”, Etudes classiques 55 (1987), 163-73.

See also David (4.3), Cate 1944 (5.7), Möhring 1992 (5.3)

4.3. INDIVIDUAL LEADERS (see also  4.2)

4.3.1. ADHEMAR OF LE PUY

ADHÉMAR-LABAUME, G. J. de, Adhémar de Monteil, évêque du Puy, légat d’Urbain II, 1079-1098 (Le Puy: Peyriller, Rouchon et Gamon, 1910).

BRUNDAGE, James A., “Adhemar of Puy: The bishop and his critics”, Speculum 34 (1959), 201-12.

HILL, John H.; HILL, Laurita L., “Contemporary accounts and the later reputation of Adhemar, bishop of Puy”, Mediaevalia et humanistica 9 (1955), 30-38.

MAYER, Hans Eberhard, “Zur Beurteilung Adhemars von Le Puy”, Deutsches Archiv für Erforschung des Mittelalters 16 (1960), 547-52.

4.3.2. BALDWIN OF BOULOGNE

GINDLER, Paul, Graf Balduin I. von Edessa (Halle: C. A. Kaemmerer, 1901).

HIESTAND, Rudolf, “König Balduin und sein Tanzbär”, Archiv für Kultur­geschichte 70 (1988), 343-60.

MAYER, Hans Eberhard, Mélanges sur l’histoire du royaume latin de Jérusalem (Paris: Académie des Inscrip­t­ions et Belles-Lettres, 1984)

MURRAY, Alan V., “Daimbert of Pisa, the Domus Godefridi and the accession of Baldwin I of Jerusalem”, in From Clermont to Jerusalem, pp. 81-102.

WOLLF, Alfred, König Balduin I. von Jerusalem (Königsberg: R. Leupold, 1884).

4.3.3. BOHEMOND

GADOLIN, Anitra R., “Prince Bohemund’s death and apotheosis in the church of San Sabino, Canosa di Puglia”, Byzantion 52 (1982), 124-53.

McQUEEN, William B., “Relations between the Normans and Byzantium, 1071-1112”, Byzantion 56 (1986), 427-76.

RÖSCH, Gerhard, “Der ‘Kreuzzug’ Bohemunds gegen Dyrrhachium 1107/1108 in der lateinischen Tradition des 12. Jahrhunderts”, Römische historische Mit­teil­ungen 26 (1984), 181-90.

ROWE, John Gordon, “Paschal II, Bohemund of Antioch and the Byzantine empire”, Bulletin of the John Rylands Library 49 (1966), 165-202.

YEWDALE, Ralph B., Bohemond I, Prince of Antioch (Princeton: n.p., 1924).

See also Oehler (2.1.7), Baldwin (2.2), Shepard 1988 (5.4), Rice (5.5.1), Asbridge 1997 (5.6)

4.3.3.a DAIBERT OF PISA

MATZKE, Michael, Daibert von Pisa: Zwischen Papst, Kommune und erstem Kreuzzug (Sigmaringen: Thorbecke, 1998).

4.3.4. EUSTACE OF BOULOGNE

ROUND, J. Horace,  “The counts of Boulogne as English lords”, in ROUND, Studies in Peerage and Family History (Westminster: Constable, 1901), pp. 147-80.

TANNER, Heather J., “The expansion of the power and influence of the counts of Boulogne under Eustace II”, in Anglo-Norman Studies, XIV: Proceedings of the Battle Conference, 1991, ed. Marjorie CHIBNALL (Woodbridge: Boydell & Brewer, 1992), pp. 251-86.

TANNER, Heather J., “In his brothers’ shadow: the crusading career and reputation of Eustace III of Boulogne”, in The Crusades: Other Experiences, Alternate Perspectives, pp. 83-99.

4.3.5. GODFREY OF BOUILLON

ANDRESSOHN, John C., The Ancestry and Life of Godfrey of Bouillon (Bloomington: Indiana Univer­sity, 1947).

AUBÉ, Pierre, Godefroy de Bouillon (Paris: Fayard, 1985).

DESPY, Georges, “La date de l’accession de Godefroid de Bouillon au duché de Basse-Lotharingie”,  Revue belge de philologie et d’histoire 36 (1958), 1275-84.

DESPY, Georges, “Godefroid de Bouillon, mythes et réalités”, Academie Royale de Belgique, Bulletin de la Classe des Lettres et des Sciences Morales et Politiques, ser.5, 71 (1985), 249-75.

FRANCE, John, “The election and title of Godfrey de Bouillon”, Canadian Journal of History 18 (1983), 321-29.

DORCHY, H., “Godefroid de Bouillon, duc de Basse-Lotharingie”, Revue belge de philologie et d’histoire 26 (1948), 961-99.

HAGSPIEL, Gereon, Die Führerpersöhnlichkeit im Kreuzzug (Zürich: Fretz und Wasmuth, 1963).

LOBET, Marcel, Godefroid de Bouillon: Essai de biographie antilégendaire (Bruxelles: Les Escrits, 1943).

MENZEL, Michael, “Gottfried von Bouillon und Kaiser Heraclius”, Archiv für Kultur­­geschichte 74 (1992), 1-21.

La Maison d’Ardenne, Xe-XIe siècles: Actes des Journées Lothar­ingiennes, 24-26 octobre 1980, Centre Universitaire, Luxemburg = Publications de la  Section Historique de l’Institut Grand-Ducal de Luxembourg 95 (1981), 1-321.

MOELLER, Charles, “Godefroid de Bouillon et l'avouerie du Saint-Sépulcre”, in Mélanges Godefroid Kurth: Recueil de mémoires relatifs à l’histoire, à la philo­logie et à l’archéologie, 2 vols (Liège: Vaillant-Carmanne, 1908), 1: 173-83.

MURRAY, Alan V., “The title of Godfrey of Bouillon as ruler of Jerusalem”, Collegium Medievale: Interdisciplinary Journal of Medieval Research 3 (1990), 163-78.

RILEY-SMITH, Jonathan S. C., “The title of Godfrey of Bouillon”, Bulletin of the Institute of Historical Research 52 (1979), 83-86.

VANDERLINDEN, Herman, “La date de la nomination de Godefroid de Bouillon comme duc de Lotharingie (1087)”, Bulletin de la Commission Royale d’Histoire 90 (1926), 189-92.

WAEGER, Gerhart, Gottfried von Bouillon in der Historiographie (Zürich: Fretz und Wasmuth, 1969).

See also Murray 1992 (4.2), Murray 1997 (4.3.2), Mayer 1984 (4.3.2)

4.3.6. HUGH OF VERMANDOIS

BULL, Marcus, “The Capetian monarchy and the early crusade movement: Hugh of Vermandois and Louis VII”, Nottingham Medieval Studies 50 (1996), 25-46.

4.3.7. PETER THE HERMIT

BLAKE, Ernest O.; MORRIS, Colin, “A hermit goes to war: Peter and the origins of the First Crusade”, Studies in Church History 22 (1985), 79-107.

COUPE, Michael D., “Peter the Hermit - a re-assessment”, Nottingham Medieval Studies 31 (1987), 37-45.

FLORI, Jean, “Des chroniques à l’épopée … ou bien l’inverse (à propos du Picard Pierre l’Ermite)”, Perspectives médiévales, 20 (1994), 36-44.

FLORI, Jean, “Faut-il réhabiliter Pierre l’Hermite? (une réevaluation des sources de la Première Croisade)”, Cahiers de civilisation médiévale 38 (1995), 35-54.

FLORI, Jean, Pierre l’Ermite et sa croisade (Paris: Fayard, 1999).

FLORI, Jean, “Pierre l’Ermite et sa croisade - légende et vérité”, Cahiers de Clio 125-26 (1996), 29-39.

HAGENMEYER, Heinrich, Peter der Eremite: ein kritischer Beitrag zur Geschichte des ersten Kreuzzuges (Leipzig: Harrassowitz, 1879).

HAGENMEYER, Heinrich, Le Vrai et le faux sur Pierre l’Hermite (Paris: Société Bibliographique, 1883).

LE FEBVRE, Yves, Pierre l’Ermitte et la croisade (Amiens: Malfère, 1946).

MORRIS, Colin, “Peter the Hermit and the Chroniclers”, in The First Crusade: Origins and Impact, pp. 21-34.

WALLENBON, Hélène, “Pierre l’Ermite aux origines de Neufmoustier?”, Annales du Cercle hutois des sciences et beaux-arts 4 (1994), 221-39

See also Youssef 1991 (5.1)

4.3.8. RAYMOND OF SAINT-GILLES

DUPONT, André, “Raymond IV de Saint-Gilles et son role en Orient pendant la Première Croisade (1096-1099)”, Bulletin des séances de l’Académie de Nîmes n.s. 47 (1970), 19-21, 24-26.

HILL, John H.; HILL, Laurita L., Raymond IV, Count of Toulouse (Syracuse: Syracuse University Press, 1962).

HILL, John H.; HILL, Laurita L., Raymond IV de Saint-Gilles 1041 (ou 1042) - 1105 (Toulouse: Privat, 1959).

HILL, John H.; HILL, Laurita L., “Justification historique du titre de Raymond de St Gilles ‘Christiane milicie excellentissimus princeps’”, Annales du Midi 66 (1954), 101-12.

RILEY-SMITH, Jonathan S. C., “Raymond IV of St Gilles, Achard of Arles and the conquest of Lebanon”, in The Crusades and Their Sources, pp. 1-8.

See also Hill 1951 (5.4), Hill and Hill 1952-53 (5.4), Asbridge 1997 (5.6)

4.3.9. ROBERT OF FLANDERS

ADAIR, Penelope A., “Flemish comital family and the crusades”, in The Crusades: Other Experiences, Alternate Perspectives, pp. 101-12.

DE HEMPTINNE, Thérèse, “Les épouses des croisés et pèlerins flamands aux XIe et XIIe siècles: l’exemple des comtesses de Flandre Clémence et Sibylle”, in Autour de la Première Croisade, pp. 83-95.

KNAPPEN, Marshall M., “Robert II of Flanders in the First Crusade”, in The Crusades and Other Historical Essays, pp. 79-100.

4.3.10. ROBERT OF NORMANDY

DAVID, Charles W., Robert Curthose, Duke of Normandy (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1920).

DAVIS, R. H. C., “William of Jumièges, Robert Curthose and the Norman succession”, English Historical Review 95 (1980), 597-606.

GRILLO, Peter R., “The ‘fin de Robert de Normandie’ episode in London, British Library, MS Add.36615”, Medium Ævum 61 (1992), 35-47.

LE PATOUREL, John H., “The Norman succession, 996-1135”, English Historical Review 86 (1971), 225-50.

4.3.11. STEPHEN OF BLOIS

BRUNDAGE, James A., “An errant crusader: Stephen of Blois”, Traditio 16 (1960), 380-95.

LoPRETE, Kimberly A., “Adela of Blois as mother and countess”, in Medieval Mothering, ed. John Carmi PARSONS and Bonnie WHEELER (New York: Garland, 1996), pp. 313-33.

LoPRETE, Kimberly A., “The Anglo-Norman card of Adela of Blois”, Albion 22 (1990), 569-89.

ROUSSET, Paul, “Etienne de Blois, croisé fuyard et martyr”, Genava n.s. 11 (1963), 183-95.

4.3.12. TANCRED

NICHOLSON, Robert L., Tancred: A Study of His Career and Work in Their Relation to the First Crusade and the Establishment of the Latin States in Syria and Palestine (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1940).

5. THE COURSE OF THE CRUSADE

5.1. THE PEOPLE’S EXPEDITIONS (see also under 4.3.7 and 5.3)

DUNCALF, Frederic, “The Peasants’ Crusade”, American Historical Review 26 for 1920-21 (1921), 440-53.

WOLFF, Theodor, Die Bauernkreuzzüge des Jahres 1096: Ein Beitrag zur Geschichte des ersten Kreuzzuges (Tübingen: Fues’sche Buchdruckerei, 1891).

YOUSSEF, J. N., “The battle of Nicaea between the Seldjuk Turks and Peter the Hermit, August 1096 (in the light of contemporary Latin and Byzantine sources)”, in X. Türk Tarih Kongresi, Ankara, 1986: Kongreye sunulan bildriler, 3 (Ankara: Türk Tarih Kurumu Basimevi, 1991), pp. 991-99.

5.2. STAGES OF THE CRUSADE

BENNETT, Matthew, “Travel and transport of the crusades”, Medieval History 4 (1994), 91-101.

DUNCALF, Frederic, “The First Crusade: Clermont to Constan­tinople”, in A History of the Crusades, ed. SETTON, 1: 253-79.

FRANCE, John, “The crisis of the First Crusade from the defeat of Kerbogha to the departure from Arqa”, Byzantion 40 (1970), 276-308.

FRANCE, John, “The departure of Tatikios from the army of the First Crusade”, Bulletin of the Institute of Historical Research 44 (1971), 131-47.

GRGIN, Borislav, “Odjeci krizarskih radova u Hrvatskoj” [Re­flections of the crusades upon medieval Croatian society], Historijski Zbornik 45 for 1992 (1993), 139-54.

RUNCIMAN, Steven, “The First Crusade: Constantinople to Antioch”, in A History of the Crusades, ed. SETTON, 1: 280-304.

RUNCIMAN, Steven, “The First Crusade: Antioch to Ascalon”, in A History of the Crusades, ed. SETTON, 1: 308-41.

RUNCIMAN, Steven, “The first crusaders’ journey across the Balkan Peninsula”, Byzantion 19 (1949), 207-21.

See also Forse 1991 (3.1.2)

5.3. THE CRUSADE AND THE JEWS

ABULAFIA, Anna Sapir, “Invectives against Christianity in the Hebrew Chronicles of the First Crusade”, in  Crusade and Settle­ment, pp. 66-72.

BAER, Yitzhak, “Rashi and the world around him”, in Jewish Intellectual History in the Middle Ages, ed. Joseph DAN (Westport, Conn.: Praeger, 1994), pp. 101-18.

BARKENINGS, Hans-Joachim, “Sachor - reminiscere - Gedenke”, in Der Erste Kreuzzug 1096 und seine Folgen, pp. 95-104.

CHAZAN, Robert, European Jewry and the First Crusade (Berkeley: University of California Press,1987).

FABER, D.J., “Vreemdelingen in de staat Gods: De joden in historiografische teksten uit de elfde en twaalfde eeuw”, Tijdschrift voor Geschiedenis 103 (1990), 395-411.

FLESCH, Stefan, “Die Verfolgung und Vernichtung der jüdischen Gemeinde von Köln während des Ersten Kreuzzugs”, in Der Erste Kreuzzug 1096 und seine Folgen, pp. 77-94.

GILCHRIST, John T., “The perception of Jews in the canon law in the period of the first two crusades”, Jewish History 3 (1988), 9-24.

GOLB, N., “New light on the persecution of French Jews at the time of the First Crusade”, in Medieval Jewish Life: Studies from the Proceedings of the American Academy for Jewish Research, ed. R. CHAZAN (New York: American Academy for Jewish Research, 1976), pp. 334-52.

GOLDIN, Simha, “The socialisation for Kiddush ha-Shem among medieval Jews”, Journal of Medieval History 23 (1997), 117-38.

KAUFFELDT, Rolf, “1096 - Erster Kreuzzug und Judenpogrome als Zäsur in der abend­ländischen Geschichte”, in Der Erste Kreuzzug 1096 und seine Folgen, pp. 105-21.

KEDAR, Benjamin Z., “The forcible baptisms of 1096: History and historiography”, in Forschungen zur Reichs-, Papst- und Landesgeschichte: Peter Herde zum 65. Geburtstag von Freunden, Schülern und Kollegen dargebracht, ed. Karl BORCHARDT and Enno BÜNZ (Stuttgart: Hiersemann, 1998), pp. 187-200.

KEDAR, Benjamin Z., “Crusade historians and the massacres of 1096”, Jewish History 12 (1998), 11-31.

MENTGEN, Gerd, “Die Juden des Mittelrhein-Mosel-Gebietes im Hochmittelalter unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der Kreuzzugs­verfolgungen”, in Der Erste Kreuzzug 1096 und seine Folgen, pp. 37-75.

MÖHRING, Hannes, “Graf Emicho und die Judenverfolgungen von 1096”, Rhein­ische Vierteljahrsblätter 56 (1992), 97-111.

NAHON, Gérard, “La communauté juive askenaze face aux persécutions des croisades d’après des chroniques hébraïques du XIIe siècle”, Annuaire de l’Ecole pratique des hautes-études - Ve Section  88 (1979-80), 253-58, 90 (1981-82), 259-60 .

RILEY-SMITH, Jonathan S. C., “The First Crusade and the persecution of the Jews”, Studies in Church History 21 (1984), 51-72.

SCHIFFMANN, Sarah, Heinrich IV. und die Bischöfe in ihrem Verhalten zu den deutschen Juden zur Zeit des ersten Kreuzzuges (Berlin: Lichtwitz, 1931).

STEMBERGER, B., “Zu den Judenverfolgungen in Deutschland (zur Zeit der ersten beiden Kreuzzüge)”, Kairos 20 (1978), 53-72, 151-57.

YUVAL, Israel Jacob, “Ha-naqam ve-ha-qlalah, ha-dem ve-ha-'alilah (me-'alilot qdoshim la-'alilat dam)” [Vengeance and damnation, blood and defamation: From Jewish martyrdom to blood libel accusations], Zion 58 (1993), 33-90.

See also Lohrmann 1996 (2.1.2), Abulafia 1982  (2.3), Cohen 1994 (2.3)

5.4. THE CRUSADE AND BYZANTIUM

BELKE, K., “Phrygia between Byzantines and Seljuks”, Byzantinische Forschungen 16 (1991), 159-65.

CHARANIS, Peter, “Byzantium, the West and the origin of the First Crusade”, Byzantion 19 (1949), 17-36.

COWDREY. Herbert E. J., “The Gregorian papacy, Byzantium and the First Crusade”, in Byzantium and the West c. 850-1200: Proceedings of the XVIII Spring Sym­posium of Byzantine Studies, ed. J. D. HOWARD-JOHNSTON (Amsterdam: Hakkert, 1988), pp. 145-69.

GANSHOF, François-Louis, “Recherche sur le lien juridique qui unissait les chefs de la Première Croisade à l’empereur byzantin’, in Mélanges offerts à M. Paul-E. Martin (Paris: Société d’histoire et d’archéologique de Genève, 1962), pp. 49-63.

HILL, John H., “Raymond of St. Gilles in Urban’s plan of Greek and Latin friendship”, Speculum 26 (1951), 265-76.

HILL, John H.; HILL, Laurita L., “The convention of Alexius Comnenus and Raymond of St. Gilles”, American Historical Review 58 (1952-53), 322-27.

KOLIA-DERMITZAKI, A., “Die Kreuzfahrer und die Kreuzzüge im Sprachgebrauch der Byzantiner”, Jahrbuch der Österreichischen Byzantinistik 41 (1991), 163-88.

LILIE, Ralph-Johannes, Byzanz und die Kreuzfahrerstaaten: Studien zur Politik des byzan­t­inischen Reiches gegenüber den Staaten der Kreuzfahrer in Syrien und Palästina bis zum Vierten Kreuzzug (1096-1204), Poikila byzantina, 1 (München: Fink, 1981).

LILIE, Ralph-Johannes, Byzantium and the Crusader States, 1096-1204: Studies in the Relations of Byzantine Empire with the Crusader States in Syria and Palestine (Oxford: Clarendon, 1993).

LILIE, Ralph-Johannes, “Noch einmal zu dem Thema ‘Byzanz und die Kreuz­fahrer­staaten’”, in Varia I: Beiträge von Ralph-Johannes Lilie und Paul Speck, Poikila Byzantina, 4 (Bonn: Habelt, 1984), pp. 121-74 [on treaties between Alexios I and the crusade leaders].

MULLETT, Margaret, “1098 and all that: Theophylact bishop of Semnea and the Alexian reconquest of Anatolia”, Peritia 10 for 1996 (1997), 237-52.

MUNRO, Dana C., “Did the Emperor Alexius ask for aid at the council of Piacenza?”, American Historical Review 27 (1922), 731-33.

NERANTZE-BARMAZE, B., “H KuproV BasikoV StaqmoV EpikoinwniaV metaxu Buzantinwn kai Fragkwn thV PalaiotinhV to 12o aiwna”, in H KuproV kai oi StaurojorieV / Cyprus and the Crusades, pp. 19-27.

PRYOR, John H., “The oaths of the leaders of the First Crusade to emperor Alexius I Comnenus: fealty, homage - pistiV, douleia”, Parergon n.s.2 (1984), 111-41.

SAVVIDES, Alexis G. C., “The consolidation of Byzantine power in Cyprus on the eve of the First Crusade and the first decades of the empire’s relations with the crusaders”, in H KuproV kai oi StaurojorieV / Cyprus and the Crusades, pp. 3-18.

SAVVIDES, Alexis G. C., “Varia Byzantinoturcica, II: Taticios the Turcopole”, Journal of Oriental and African Studies 3-4 for 1991-92 (1993), 235-38.

SAVVIDES, Alexis G. C., “Taticius the Turcopole”, in XI. Türk Tarih Kongresi, Ankara, 1990: Kongreye sunulan bildriler, 2 (Ankara: Türk Tarih Kurumu Basimevi, 1994), pp. 821-25.

SHEPARD, Jonathan, “Cross purposes: Alexius Comnenus and the First Crusade”, in The First Crusade: Origins and Impact, pp. 107-29.

SHEPARD, Jonathan, “The uses of the Franks in eleventh-century Byzantium”, in Anglo-Norman Studies, XV: Proceedings of the XV Battle Conference and of the XI Colloquio Medievale of the Officina di Studi Medievali, 1992, ed. Marjorie CHIBNALL (Woodbridge: Boydell & Brewer, 1993), pp. 275-305.

SHEPARD, Jonathan, “When Greek meets Greek: Alexius Comnenus and Bohemond in 1097-98”, Byzantine and Modern Greek Studies 12 (1988), 185-277.

ZBINDEN, Nicolas, Abendländische Ritter, Griechen und Türken im Ersten Kreuzzug (Zur Problematik ihrer Begegnung) (Athen: Verlag der Byzantinisch-neugriechischen Jahrbücher, 1975.

See also Edgington 1994 (2.1.2), Skoulatos (2.1.7), Youssef 1991 (5.1), France 1971 (5.2), Buisson 1985 (5.6)

5.5. INDIVIDUAL ASPECTS

5.5.1. MILITARY ASPECTS

BACHRACH, “The Siege of Antioch: A Study in Military Demography’, War in History 6 (1999), 127-46.

BOWLUS, Charles R., “Tactical and strategic weaknesses of horse archers on the eve of the First Crusade”, in Autour de la Première Croisade, pp. 159-66.

EDGINGTON, Susan B., “The doves of war: the part played by carrier pigeons in the crusades”, in Autour de la Première Croisade, pp. 167-76.

EDGINGTON, Susan B., “Medical knowledge in the crusading armies: The evidence of  Albert of Aachen and others”, in The Military Orders: Fighting for the Faith and Caring for the Sick, ed. Malcolm BARBER (Aldershot: Variorum, 1994), pp. 320-26.

FRANCE, John, “The First Crusade as a naval enterprise”, Mariner’s Mirror 83 (1997), 389-97.

FRANCE, John, “Technology and the success of the First Crusade”, in War and Society in the Eastern Mediterranean, 7th-15th Centuries, pp. 163-76.

FRANCE, John, Victory in the East: A Military History of the First Crusade (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1994).

HAMBLIN, William, “The Fatimid navy during the early crusades”, American Neptune 46 (1986), 77-83.

HERDE, Peter, “Taktiken muslimischer Heere vom ersten Kreuzzug bis ‘Ain Djalut (1260) und ihre Einwirkung auf die Schlacht bei Tagliacozzo”, in Das Heilige Land im Mittelalter: Begegnungs­raum zwischen Orient und Okzident, ed. Wolfdietrich FISCHER and Jürgen SCHNEIDER (Neustadt an der Aisch: Degener, 1982), pp. 83-94.

LEYSER, Karl, “Money and supplies on the First Crusade”, in LEYSER, Communications and Power in Medieval Europe: The Gregorian Revolution and Beyond, ed. Timothy REUTER (London: Hambledon, 1994), pp. 77-95.

RICE, Geoffrey, “A note on the battle of Antioch, 28 June 1098: Bohemund as tactical innovator”, Parergon 25 (1979), 3-8.

RILEY, SMITH, Jonathan, “Casualties and the number of knights on the First Crusade”, Crusades 1 (2002), 13-28.

SETTIA, Aldo A., “Un ‘lombardo’ alla Prima Crociata: tecnologie militari fra Occidente e Oriente”, in Società, istituzioni, spiritualità: Studi in onore di Cinzio Violante (Spoleto: Centro Italiano di Studi sull’Alto Medioevo, 1994), pp. 843-55.

SHATZMILLER, Maya, “The crusades and Islamic warfare - a re-evaluation”, Der Islam 69 (1992), 247-288.

SMAIL, Raymond C., Crusading Warfare, 1097-1193 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1956).

WHITE, Lynn, Jr., “The crusades and the technological thrust of the west”, in War, Technology and Society of the Middle East, ed. V. J. PARRY and M. E. YAPP (London: Oxford University Press, 1975), pp. 97-112.

ZAJAC, William G., “Captured property on the First Crusade”, in The First Crusade: Origins and Impact, pp. 153-86.

5.5.2. DEATH AND MARTYRDOM

COWDREY, Herbert E. J., “Martyrdom and the First Crusade”, in Crusade and Settlement, pp. 46-56.

FLORI, Jean, “Mort et martyre des guerriers vers 1100. L’exemple de la Première Croisade”, Cahiers de civilisation médiévale 34 (1991), 121-39.

MORRIS, Colin, “Martyrs of the Field of Battle before and during the First Crusade”, Studies in Church History 30 (1993), 93-104.

RILEY-SMITH, Jonathan S. C., “Death on the First Crusade”, in The End of Strife: Papers Selected from the Proceedings of the Colloquium of the Commission Inter­nationale d'Histoire Ecclés­iastique Comparée held at the University of Durham,  ed. David LOADES (Edinburgh: T. & T. Clark, 1984), pp. 14-31.

5.5.3. THE HOLY LANCE

CIZEK, Alexandre, “Die umstrittene Feuerprobe des Kreuzfahrers Pierre Barthelemi in der Diachronie der Wunderberichte”, in La Croisade - Réalités et fictions. Actes du Colloque d’Amiens 18-22 mars 1987, ed. Danielle BUSCHINGER (Göppingen: Kümmerle, 1989), pp. 79-95.

GIESE, Wolfgang, “Die ‘lancea Domini’ von Antiochia (1098/99), in Fälschungen im Mittelalter: Internationaler Kongreß der Monumenta Germaniae Historica, München, 16.-19. September 1986, ed. Wolfram SETZ, 6 vols  (Hannover: Hahn, 1988-90), 5:485-504.

MORRIS, Colin, “Policy and visions: The case of the Holy Lance found at Antioch”, in War and Government in the Middle Ages: Essays in Honour of J. O. Prestwich, ed. John GILLINGHAM and J. C. HOLT (Woodbridge: Boydell & Brewer, 1984), pp. 33-45.

RUNCIMAN, Steven, “The Holy Lance found at Antioch”, Analecta Bollandiana 68 (1950), 197-205.

See also Rogers (5.5.4)

5.5.4. THE POOR (incl. the Tafurs)

AUFFARTH, Christoph, “‘Ritter’ und ‘Arme’ auf dem Ersten Kreuzzug. Zum Problem Herrschaft und Religion, ausgehend von Raymond von Aguilers”, Saeculum 40 (1989), 39-55.

ROGERS, Randall, “Peter Bartholomew and the role of ‘the poor’ in the First Crusade”, in Warriors and Churchmen in the High Middle Ages: Essays Presented to Karl Leyser, ed. Timothy REUTER (London: Hambledon, 1992), pp. 109-22.

PORGES, Walter, “The clergy, the poor and the non-combatants on the First Crusade”, Speculum 21 (1946), 1-23.

ROUCHE, Michel, “Cannibalisme sacré chez les croisés populaires”, in La Religion populaire: Aspects du Christianisme populaire à travers l'histoire, ed. Yves-Marie HILAIRE. (Lille: Centre inter­disciplinaire d'études des religions de l’Université de Lille III, 1981), pp. 29-41.

SUMBERG, Lewis A. M., “The ‘Tafurs’ and the First Crusade”, Mediaeval Studies 21 (1959), 224-46.

5.5.5. RELIGIOUS  AND SOCIAL ASPECTS

CUTLER, Alan, “The First Crusade and the idea of conversion”, Muslim World 58 (1968), 155-64.

BRUNDAGE, James A., “Prostitution, miscegenation and sexual purity in the First Crusade”, in Crusade and Settlement, pp. 57-65.

HAMILTON, Bernard, The Latin Church in the Crusader States: The Secular Church (London: Variorum, 1980).

RICHARD, Jean, “La confrérie de la croisade: à propos d’un épisode de la première croisade”, in Etudes de civilisation médiévale (IXe-XIIe siècles): Mélanges offerts à Edmond-René Labande (Poitiers: CESCM, 1974): pp. 617-22.

RILEY-SMITH, Jonathan S. C., “The First Crusade and St. Peter”, in Outremer, pp. 41-63.

SIBERRY, Elizabeth, “Missionaries and crusaders, 1095-1274: Opponents or allies?”, Studies in Church History 20 (1983), 103-10.

VERBRUGGEN, Jan-Frans, “Vrouwen in de Eerste Kruistocht en in de heldenliederen”, Revue belge d'histoire militaire 25 (1983), 181-90.

See also Porges 1946 (5.5.4), Riley-Smith 1988 (5.6)

5.6. THE FRANKISH SETTLEMENTS IN OUTREMER

AMOUROUX-MOURAD, Monique, Le comté d’Edesse, 1098-1150 (Paris: Paul Geuthner, 1988).

ASBRIDGE, Thomas, “The principality of Antioch and the Jabal as-Summaq”, in The First Crusade: Origins and Impact, pp. 142-52.

BUISSON, Ludwig, Erobererecht, Vasallität und byzantinisches Staatsrecht auf dem ersten Kreuzzug (Hamburg: Joachim Jungius-Gesellschaft, 1985).

BUISSON, Ludwig, “Heerführertum und Erobererrecht auf dem Ersten Kreuzzug”, Zeitschrift der Savigny-Stiftung für Rechts­geschichte - Germanistische Abteilung 112 (1995), 316-44.

CAHEN, Claude, La Syrie du Nord à l'époque des croisades et la principauté franque d’Antioche (Paris: Paul Geuthner, 1940)

DAJANI-SHAKEEL, Hadia, “Diplomatic relations between Muslim and Frankish rulers, 1097-1153 A.D.”, in Crusaders and Muslims in Twelfth-Century Syria, pp. 190-215.

DEMIRKENT, Isin, Urfa Haçli Kontlugu Tarihi (1098-1118) (Istanbul, 1974) [on the county of Edessa].

DICKERHOF, Harald, “Über die Staatsgründungen des ersten Kreuzzugs”, Historisches Jahrbuch 100 (1980), 95-130.

HANSEN, Joseph, Das Problem eines Kirchenstaates in Jerusalem: Ein Beitrag zur Geschichte der Kreuzzüge (Luxembourg: Huss, 1928).

MURRAY, Alan V., The Crusader Kingdom of Jerusalem: A Dynastic History, 1099-1125 (Oxford: Prosopographica & Genealogica, 2000).

PRAWER, Joshua, The Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem: European Colonialism in the Middle Ages  (London: Weidenfeld and Nicholson, 1972).

RICHARD, Jean, Le comté de Tripoli sous la dynastie toulousaine, 1102-1187 (Paris: Paul Geuthner, 1945).

RILEY-SMITH, Jonathan S. C., “The Latin clergy and the settlement in Palestine and Syria, 1098-1100”, Catholic Historical Review 74 (1988), 539-57.

5.7. THE CRUSADE OF 1101

BEECH, George T., “Contemporary views of William the Troubadour, IXth duke of Aquitaine”, in Medieval Lives and the Historian: Studies in Medieval Prosopo­graphy, ed. Neithart BULST and Jean-Philippe GENET (Kala­mazoo: Medieval Institute Publications, 1986), pp. 73-89.

BEECH, George T., “The ventures of the dukes of Aquitaine into Spain and the crusader East in the early twelfth century”, Haskins Society Journal 5 (1993), 61-75.

CATE, James Lea, “The crusade of 1101”, in A History of the Crusades, ed. SETTON, 1: 343-67.

CATE, James Lea, “A gay crusader”, Byzantion 16 for 1942-43 (1944), 503-26 [on William IX of Aquitaine].

MULINDER, Alec, “The Crusading Expeditions of 1101-2” (unpublished Ph.D. thesis, University of Wales, Swansea, 1996).

RIANT, P., “Un dernier triomphe d’Urbain II”, Revue des questions historiques 34 (1883), 247-55.

RILEY-SMITH, Jonathan, “The crusading heritage of Guy and Aimery of Lusignan” in H KuproV kai oi StaurojorieV / Cyprus and the Crusades, pp. 31-45 [includes discussion of Hugh VI of Lusignan].

RUNCIMAN, Steven, “The crusades of 1101”, Jahrbuch der Österreichischen Byzan­tinischen Gesellschaft 1 (1951), 3-12.

See also Mulinder 1997 (2.1.2)

 We thank Professor Alan V. Murray for his permission to include this bibliography.